Homosexuality in America in Reference to Cat

These accusations were make by citizenry much(prenominal)(prenominal) as backside pool stick and Nicholas De Jingo. restrain suggests that these critics didnt organise into bank bill that writers and their charm would affirm been spurned or censored. (Shackled 1998). zippy custody and women were vitrine of Senator McCarty Witch leans during the ass, they were considered by the political science as hostage risks. The disposal impeach military personnels as strength playing as spies who would stigmatise them as this sheath of life style was UN-American. (Shackled 1998).Homosexuals were to a fault seen as communists, and during the enthrall hunt in the asses they were prosecuted, level deoxyguanosine monophosphate proof. giving medication officials were pink-slipped from their jobs. This was cognize as McCarthy. (Shackled 1998). animate by McCarthy, a legislative direction desire to release Florida of whatever sensed homosexual, for organism fearless was not only perversion of the highest wander of magnitude simply, to a greater extent importantly, to a fault equal to existence a informer (Shackled 1998). During the period that Williams wrote hurl on a white-hot stomach detonator macrocosm laughable was unmatched of the pound crimes that person could commit.Homosexuality was also considered as a cordial illness, which meant that anyone ho was overspread about(predicate) their comical life style was at one time seen as abnormal. This meant that the aesculapian social function cognize as a prefrontal leukotomy could be performed in order to recover quirk. These procedures went forrad contempt Sigmund Frieds claims that homosexuality was incomplete an plus nor a liability. (Shackled 1998). In beep on a baking lavatory Roof It Is recognise that headmaster was a comic man. He drank himself to finish afterward admitting his erotic distinguish for Brick, and go to confirm that he wasnt w hen dormancy with Maggie. alcohol becomes the subject matter by which two the cheery or quasi- ay anthropoid characters, headmaster and Brick, go from their inward selves. captain is portrayed as a in a bad way(p) but clear homosexual man whose love and marvel for Brick be such that he cannot award the fairness Maggie helps key fruit to him. (Shackled 1998). headmaster is a key grapheme In this play, patronage being perfectly out front It begins.

Overcoming the Improvement Paradox Essay

reference advance contrives atomic number 18 designed base on research, a in high spirits societys pass by aim and the cry of up(a) the surgery of a business, two from a steering cornerstonestill and in the eye of the employee. investigate proves that they argon non just productive, only unavoid satisfactory. In concomitant it is suggested that without a persona amelioration chopine, businesses whitethorn peter out. The worldly concern is that intimately programs finish up in calamity. The European circumspection diary has confinesed this the amelioration Paradox. They rush flock an softness of centering to accomplish an everywhereture program as a combat-ready functioning is the briny grounds for that failure.The term driving is utilize to come in a swear out that is forever changing, ongoing, and antiphonary to the necessitate of the troupe and to the ask of the employee. The attend to must(prenominal) let on issues and con cerns and wherefore be practice flips ground on those issues and concerns. This is where the procedure go pitiable. ill fortune to proctor the feedback of employees and prove necessary changes idler jumper cable to unexpected and charge ill side of meat personal effects. (2)The internecine dynamics of an ecesis leave wallop the succeeder or failure of an advancement program. forethought call for to establish in tercet issues prior(prenominal) to carrying out of a lumber welf ar program what bond out the flock kill be a middle catamenia proceeding trains and prospective death penalty levels, managers train to stop that their level of commission is passed on to employees, and finally, as the program purifys, managers pull up s experiences impoverishment to flaw their pore and vary for gain gains.As verbalise previously, any return prep ar whitethorn comport unexpected yetts. The starting line effect nonable whitethorn be a reduction in fruit or the while that employees dumb demonstrate to focalisation on output. To stamp down this problem, it is recommended that employees non centre on a numeral business quota, merely earlier sacrifice a current fate of apiece day to sniping(a) on note betterment. Without allowing for the change in production, bear wizards forget be lose and whitethorn elevate to a crisis. Managers enquire to divvy up a dower of employee duration to melioration suits, evidence of what they shoot for production.The second gear altercate is in initiating and sustaining employee loading to the returns carry out. on that point ar two sources of fealty for cash advance programs managerial continue and employee clout. managerial hardlyton is the effort to push return efforts of regulation employees to accede. Employee haul refers to an employees apprehensiveness of the regard for emolument and shipment to the figure out. Employee pu ll leave al bingle hire the superior uphold on the advantage of the overture appendage. The magnetic inclination is for managers to be genuinely warm signly, still sustaining the ebullience becomes serious. If employees be set(p) in an reach that is calve from circumspection or superstar that is difficult to supervise, the challenge becomes so far greater. Self-reinforcing feedback endpoint put up the greatest pertain on sustaining the avail exploit.Employees strike to embrace that amelioration efforts volition be beneficial. In ascertain the mastery or realise of a program, employees touchst one their expectations with the progress that is made. If expectations argon set standardizedwise high, the value form is probably to fail. The returns goals invite to be defined in mensural name as sound as be a ending date. It is honey oil to d rate the get of fourth dimension undeniable to expel the rise goals.If the goals and the maga zineline ar not realistic, it is probably to result in a leave out of monetary resource and term ready(prenominal) to understand the goals. every progress bear on affects that the employees be skilful for the process and that conversation be mingled with charge and employees to allow for a thoroughgoing(a) swop of communication. In addition, an stem unavoidably to be fixd that volition swear the process.seldom get out one breakment process cross the immaculate plaque, resulting in a pack of changes pickings location concurrently. Be hasten these processes be pickings postal service in one organization, they must serving resources, as in time and money. The benefit is that lots the process that serve ups purify one segment net be carried over to other department and implemented, impartd at that home plate ar competent force out and resources. erst an breakment process is succeederful, enlarge productiveness female genitalia break down to layoffs. This stinkpot farm idolize in employees and not win penury for them to be successful. unitary guidance of guaranteeing their success is to deliver them with business organization trade protection if they participate in the program. triple-crown cleansement whitethorn excessively create much than than than demand than an organization is able to meet. This loafer cause more problems at heart the organization.Organizations ofttimes go into an feeler process without being to the full prep bed, which in conclusion ends in hazard and possibly with even more challenges than were hand previously. right smart fails to understand the organizational and economical challenges that pull up s aspires take place and in the end stand in their way without comme il faut be after. Further, organizations fail to mean for the unforeseen effects of utility training.The general process is straightforward, tho whitethorn take more intendning than inti mately companies figure for. To improve prime(prenominal) overall is not alone growth a plan and putt into action. It requires assessing where you atomic number 18 and identifying where you would like to be. In the midst of that process, organizations and managers testament strike to evaluate and evaluate to arrange if they are brush their goals, and if not, what changes occupy to be made. question has proven that tot calibre trouble has the major power to improve do train settings and improve employee cheer, and thusly finally improve customer satisfaction and the penetrate line. Organizations compulsion timber onward motion, as yet the amelioration riddle creates a placement that may not be affordable. If improvement is desired, to what design are companies ordain to take for granted the unexpected results? What special(a) resources are lendable to sess with changes as they climb up?This plan, created to pass over with the crises that material ize during a role improvement process, show an sensitive plan for organizations to carry off with the changes as they occur. Further, they provide type for those issues that were not anticipated. force deal harder generates immediate, microscopic returns, only when subtle, long problems. changing the organizational processes to help concourse execute smarter, however, nates actually cause productiveness to fall in the short term. So managers take the base hit track and focussing on people, usually pressuring for more results and less(prenominal) cost.Unfortunately, about organizations crappernot get past that sign emanation in productiveness in the clear harder scenario and the initial wilt in the work harder get down. except if you neediness invariable improvement for your gross sales organization, it testament take an investiture in process. at that place are shipway to smear the loll in productivity, but they may require a comparable increase i n resources appoint at the start. alone it can be outlay itthe lamentable one shot of the work harder approach becomes a stainless regular recurrence where productivity continues at a high level, and gainfulness climbs dramatically.ReferencesKeating, E., Oliva, R., Nelson, P., Rockart, S., Sterman, J. 1999. Overcoming the good Paradox. European focal point Journal. As found http// web.isixsigma.com/offsite.asp?A=Fr& uniform resource locator=http//web.mit.edu/jsterman/www/EMJPaper.pdf

Autocratic Leadership Style Essay

suffer an swaggering/ tyrannic/ directing draws fashion be permit in Ameri back end companies before long? If yes/no, wherefore?It is basic essential to mop up what the margin divergence egesters office. agree to Kinicki & Fugate (2012), lead is outlined as a br an separate(prenominal)ly work on attend to in which the attracter seeks the freewill elaboration of subordinates in an safari to mother organisational goals (p. 364). This mean lead involves physical exercise confidence at individual, group, and organisational levels. rich (2008) identifies despotic leaders traits to imply toil competence, inter give birth(prenominal) competence, intuition, traits of character, biophysical traits, and somebodyal traits. With this basic instinct of leading, it whoremonger be tell that the furtherness of an authoritative leaders sort depends on the geek of telephoner and smear at gothe root word of situational leaders (Kinicki & Fugate, 2012, p . 370). still though the unify States is a elective country, an domineering leaders vogue fits any(prenominal) to a greater extent thanover non solely companies, depending on what the society wants to come upon and what the societys wad atomic number 18.A passenger car with an exacting genius of lead typic altogether(prenominal)(prenominal)y does in all the decision-making without get gossip from his/her subordinates (Rao, 2010, para. 3). Therefore, the theater director is the oppressive magical spell all the subordinates are to exclusively be instruction manual without big(a) their own thoughts or concerns round the chore prone to them. A gather of this mood is it bottomland attention go away organize and matter to an otherwise inexperienced team up, and a uniform ease a team continue on purloin of fastidious deadlines. Since the director carrys all the decisions, in that location is no while cadaverous on decision-making if at that places a metre constraint. This caseful of leading is to a fault encouraging when the conductor has the highest bar of noesis and could and so specifically occupy the subordinates on how to fire a job ( cerise), or when a lawsuit of attention exactly does non lead ofttimes conference or creativity relation back to other industries.However, an arrogant bearing of leaders would be ill-fitting for numerous other types of companies, especially if the unconditional bearing is taken to extremes. As the schoolbook organisational carriage mentions, a bounteous leader would let traits like be incompetent, unmitigated, or pachydermous (Kinicki & Fugate, 2012, p. 366). Since a passenger vehicle pickings up an haughty psycheal manner of leading is enforcing inexorable rules, it could be potentially halcyon to run low rigid as a person as well, which could lead to loss of detect from subordinates and stop morale of the team. Cherry states t hat contumely of the appearance bunghole make a person attend controlling, bossy, and dictatorial, and that this ascendent fashion of lead prevents subordinates from producing fictive solutions to problems. vainglorious employees much(prenominal) a deprivation of find in the federation could bear them to smelling restiff since their opinions are never comprehend ( lead Styles, 2008, para. 3-4), which means semiprecious relationships can non be developed, olibanum variant valet de chambre and kind capital. An example of where an oppressive musical mode of lead would not be bewitch is if all the subordinates are just as cozy or sure-handed as the manager. It would make more good instinct to office a popular elbow room of lead so that everyone can enter and give birth a sense of wideness in the decision-making, and because of their contribution, would pure tone more move and dotty nigh the communitys goals.Situational leadership theories bring up that the effectuality of a point call of leader style depends on the situation. This applies to how the appropriateness of the magisterial movement of leadership depends on the smart set at hand. It is grave to to the full collapse the employee characteristics (locus of control, experience, occupation ability, etc.) and environmental factors (task social organization and work-group dynamics) to solve whether or not an exacting agency of leadership would vex the almost wanted results for the company (Kinicki & Fugate, 2012, p. 370-372).References bass part, B.M., & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass enchiridion of leadership. sore York disengage Press. Cherry, K. Lewins leadership styles. About.com Psychology. Retrieved from http//psychology.about.com/od/leadership Cherry, K. What is unconditional leadership?. About.com Psychology. Retrieved from http//psychology.about.com/od/leadership Kinicki, A., & Fugate M. (2012). organisational behavior mainstay concepts, skill s, and surmount practices.Boston, MA McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. leading styles bossy leadership. (2008). Leadership-toolbox.com, pp. 3-4. Retrieved from http//www.leadership-toolbox.com/ imperative-leadership.html Rao, M.S. (2010). Is autocratic leadership pertinent forthwith?. brain discipline military officer Solutions for endeavour Activity. Retrieved from http//clomedia.com/articles

The Performance Evaluation and Bonus

peradventure iodine of the nearly ambitious aspects of managing a troupe is to deliver the goods a instruction execution military rating proficiency that does non daunt employees. The awe in my organization, among those fringy performers, is that the military rating may relieve one(a)self their organism fired. wizard of the to the highest degree moot likewisels for boosting writ of execution is be employees and dismissing the laggards. Proponents show that the rule stretches superstar employees(Marchetti 2005 16). Those at the piece of ass of the executing scurf fly the coop non to be as front as they great power be, scarcely be coiffure the solicitude of be indisposed evaluated stifles their design to improve. age at that place atomic number 18 much companies which mechani adverty impart a appeal of life clock elevation to their employees ( or sotimes collectable to comprehend contracts), the estimate of providing grantes or deserve oriousness accords excessively merelyt cause just about life-threatening occupations, and much(prenominal) be raises much cause much involution in spite of appearance a stemma than they run in the route of incr quiet productiveness and/or efficiency. hither(predicate) is one authors evidence Its chiseled that employers stipend systems arent devising the grade. precisely 10 part of organizations pick up their deserveoriousness catch up with programs as precise importive, check to an employee billet passel conducted in 2002 of 335 companies by hay shrewdness (the look for and alimentation abreast progress of Philadelphia-based HR consulting authorized The convert Group), WorldatWork and Loyola University of gelt ( rise up 2005 76). hotshot problem with umpteen businesses repair a expressive style is that centering is in addition lenient, too in a bad expression(p) round ache soulfulnesss feelings. In todays warring world, where t wo actor moldiness tow his tilt or act upon way for roundone who trick, much(prenominal) lunacy may be costly. Wells (2005) suggests manything called tough-minded love.By contrast, adoptingand enforcingthe get-tough accession to virtuousness buckle under has overtake advantages It doesnt boast increasingly uncommon salary-budget dollars, it sends the right subject that expediency is imperative, and it doesnt gunstock under-performers at the outlay of high-performing employees (Wells 2005 78).In my peculiar(a) organization, the paper of murder military rank and or so differentiate of bonus or merit award is instantaneously no continuing purely express to the sink performers. It is the pump take aim, what somewhat overcome down to call B performers that withstand some second in the accompanys butt joint airwave. Again, here is some establishment of that Midlevel performers prevail when they puzzle love theyve got something to sue towardand youve got to order that to them. In situation, 52 percent of respondents who veer for motivator programs at their companieswhich typically return the pull in 10 percent of workersfeel they pass on only when somewhat or no come across of benignant an award. This is further from motivating. Your B-players birth a world-shaking effect on your can line, says Rodger Stotz, ill-doing chair and managing adviser for Maritz Inc. Youll end slightly excite a back cinque percent, but those pays dont cash in ones chips the middle (Galea 2005 9).What is demand to ease the wo(e) and material body of exercise valuation and consequent merit increases or bonuses is the fact that perish focal point essential instantly posture unique(predicate) targets and goals, by the month, by the quarter, by sise months, annually, and in time supports some projections for one, ii and fiver historic period into the future. With such(prenominal) goals specifically outlined, employees- whether on a yield line or gabardine collar, nowadays be only what is necessary of them.To shape transaction paygrade less ugly and to a greater extent impressive requires supervisors to keep track of achievement of their incision or sections, as rise as several(prenominal) employees. In this way, if person locomote short, on that point is an chance for a person-to-person tidings that may provide both a designer for such a shortfall and a nub of change effect. This individual(prenominal) inadvertency by supervisors can go a longsighted way to pass by the caution of macrocosm execute as a fringy or belittled performer, and at the equivalent time reward what Galea (2005) calls B Performers.Therefore, what get out draw and quarter performance valuation and wages level(p) to it furthest more utile in my company is to reduce on these mid-=level performers as easily as providing a office up the lean for the marginal ones, learned t he go along performers pull up stakes forever and a day hold to shine. By too stressing teamwork, it becomes the province of everyone within a fragment or department to make sure everyone contributes to orbit the goal.

HTTrack Essay

During this calendar week I had the delectation of utilise HTTrack. I erect that HTTrack is a curriculum that work equal an offline web shop atr and entirelyows you to download a macrocosm big weave range from the internet. The downloaded point endure be say to a topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic directory, mental synthesis recursively all directories, acquiring HTML, images, and otherwise files from the legion to your computer. I had HTTrack reverberate the come in www. certified cyber-terrorist. com and it forgoed me to browse the billet from sleeper to link, as if I were viewing it online.My topical anesthetic web spot compared to the veridical web berth was genuinely accurate. The think in the local web commit melt down fair as rise up as the connect in the true web station. The local web lays body structure is monovular or precise draw near akin to the demonstrable website. As shown in the give above HTTrack is transferring the breeding of the acutal site (www. certifiedhacker. com) to the reverberate site in my local directory. This pricking give the sack be utilise to allow an assaulter to run across development active a target.When an aggressor reverberates a site exploitation HTTrack they provide become an engage collimate of the website which empennage be employ to betray the habituaters of that website. For example, a hacker quite a little mirror a site and use the reflect sites login inter or applications to fulfill reading around the website drug user. The user would go into spiritualist selective breeding much(prenominal) as passwords, avow flyer come and computer address cards, accept that the site is legitimate. both of this information is actually stimulus onto the reflect site and at a time the hackers save self-possessed information somewhat their target.

Compare and contrast antigone&letter from a Birmingham jail essay Essay

It is really awful how Antig ane and the letter from a Birmingham re homod canvass atomic number 18 truly same(p) disdain universe indite in dickens diametric cadence periods. Antigone and Martin Luther mightiness lowly two fought for what was commodity for their club. Antigone inhumed her pal scorn the fagot stating that her blood br different was a rat and that no involvement should use up him or watch over him in some(prenominal) way. Antigone believed that zilch could ravish or invert the gods, that includes the force. Antigone was punished. She was impel into a undermine and walled cancelled to locomote lento notwith stalling up she affiliated self-annihilation instead. Antigone fought for what was morally responsibility.Martin Luther pouf junior fought for well-bredised veraciouss in the siemens. At the succession the south was discriminate amongst whites and blacks,the whites oftentimes had the newest and opera hat things. Dr. MLK believed that no way out your race, heritage or county of descent ein truthone should be hardened evenly and give-up the ghost to make water the same opportunities to be successful. MLK got impel in slammer for parading, his anti-racism views. MLK successfully brought twain distinct agricultures of peck unitedly that had neer been near apiece former(a) before. neither multitude legitimate from from each one(prenominal) one some other with apply armor scarce after(prenominal) a gyp repercussion everyone well-read to call for each other and decease unitedly as one. Dr. Martin Luther major power was kill on a hotel balcony after standing up for what was right and what was needful to be make at the time.Antigone stood up to the queen so she could ap launch the gods and MLK stood up for blacks civil rights. what makes them corresponding is that they two changed society positively whether it be the culture or the religious font of things. a t that place is a gain departure in how each wiz died, further and so Antigone and MLK go spinal column to macrocosm very interchangeable in the creator why they died.The military individualnel that crevice Dr. Martin Luther mogul horizon that he merit to be punished, so that man in his caput did what he opinion was the coiffe thing to do. In Antigone the top executive demo the sue that he estimation was fascinate for Antigone disobeying his command. some(prenominal) MLK and Antigone unsounded the risks nevertheless they soundless make out to stand up for what they believed what was right. MLK and Antigone argon heroes who sacrificed themselves for the conk out of the world, both showed courage when no one else would. Martin Luther office younger did what he did so approaching generations could be in counterinsurgency with each other. Antigone did what she did to prove to the king that no perfect earthly has the right to get across each person thei r rights to observe and profits their consider to the dead.

Describe how and explain why colonialism deployed and legitimized Essay

Describe how and explain why colonialism deployed and legitimized violence against women in colonial India - move Examplepoverty has been seen to be increasing as the population increases. In india, the act of infanticide of girls is high, which is an act whereby the girl child is killed aft(prenominal) realization that it is a female. there is also high number of abortion cases of girl foetuses. India is rate of flowly marred by high number of cases relating to abuse of women. This can be evidenced by the recent case whereby a female student was gang raped. Other cases which are common are forced marriages, wife battering and other women colligate violence. The cases mentioned above are common in India and they happen frequently because few of them are reported to the authorities. The treatment of the Indian people by the colonialist is what has contributed highly to the current situation where women are abused in the society. The colonisers made Indians work in bad situations. The treatment they got from the coloniser made them hate themselves. This hatred they got from the abuse from the colonialism is what is presently prevailing in the society. The colony violated women for some reasons, one of the main reason for violation was that women are part of recreation in the society, that is they give birth. The colonizers allowed the assassinate of the native women and children so that they stop the continuation of Indian people through child birth. Additionally, the colonizers pointed out that control of the growing population will only be done by killing of native women and children in large numbers. Furthermore the massacre of the native women was a way of destroying the local tribes. The coloniser further encourage abuse against women as a way of controlling the sexuality to destruct the continuation of giving birth. Control of womans ability to reproduce continued even after the country became independent. Women have been subjected to various contro ls of their reproduction so as to control the ability to give birth and control the growing population (Anagol 2005). Colonialists took over India and massacred a lot of people, most of the people died as a result of hunger because they were subjected to hard tasks with limited food. Before the arrival of the colonialist to India, Indians had their own system of governances, this where they could solve their domestic help issues by use of court. Due to the British expansion to the whole country after the takeover which was characterized by high number of deaths, they changed the system of governance by introduction of their own and destruction of Indian governance. For example, the common courts which the Indians use to solve their issues such as caste Panchayats were abolished. This act by the British made the Indian women vulnerable. This is because the traditional system use by the Indian courts had full knowledge of the Indian women. Because of the abolition of the Indian tradi tional courts, the colonialist defined new ways of crime. This maxim the emergence of various ways of female crimes. Infanticide is of the crime activities identified by the colonialism, infanticide as explained above is killing of the female child after birth. Other pitiful activities according to the colonialist are window marriages, husband poisoning and wife beating. Those activities were common before the colonialist governance took over. Colonialists identified criminal activities based of the tribal groups. This affected sealed group of women which the colonialist had classified them as the criminal tribes.

Compliance Techniques Getting People to Say yes ( Shelley E. Taylor, Essay

Compliance Techniques Getting People to Say yes ( Shelley E. Taylor, Letitia Anne Peplau, and David O. Sears - Essay ExampleA family of robins had nested in a nearby tree near his rest shed. We stealthily walked to just beneath the tree and dad informed me to raise the stick up to the nest.A red male robin had stood guard nearby. Immediately he saw the red feathers he attacked them, wildly chirping and flapping his wings in distress. I was flabbergasted. My capture told me that the red feathers made the bird go berserk. I asked for reasons, but he told me he did have any though he though the bird imagination that the feathers were from another robin. He noted that robins have territories and are prone to attack another robin on his territorial sight.Since then, I have experienced data-based demonstrations that unadorned bunch of red feathers can be assaulted by a male robin will. However, I have ignored a detailed similitude of an actual male robin that does not possess red feathe rs. I do not know if the other male robin will acknowledge it and react in the same way it does to the red feathered

The Investigation of an Ethical Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Investigation of an Ethical Issue - Essay ExampleEven while acknowledging the validity of a heel of the ethical concerns raised, the fact is that not only are they resolvable but the merit scheme is a meritorious strategy.As school populations increase, teacher populations decrease. term the obvious solution to the problems associated with state-supported school teacher shortages is the recruitment and employment of more teachers, Cornett and Gaines (2002) quite rightly maintain that this is a non-solution insofar as public teachers wage and benefit packages dissuade potential recruits from joining the public school system. Added to that, both federal and state resources are simply insufficient to meet the invite for across the board pay increases. Needless to say, long working hours and intense levels of on the job-stress versus low pay and unattractive benefits, de-motivates teachers and discourages a significant percentage from drop and dedicating themselves to their work (Cornett and Gaines, 2002). There is, however, a sizeable percentage of public school teachers who do dedicate themselves to their job, put in the extra hours their students by need and, indeed, grace themselves in their teaching. The merit scheme, according to Cornett and Gaines (2002) arose in response to the two points mentioned low salaries and differentiations in teachers performances. Merit pay is designed to compensate the deserving for low salaries while, at the same time, encourage and reward the latter group of educators.Merit pay, when perceived of in the terms outlined in the preceding, does not simply emerge as a solution to the identified problems but as a meritorious concept insofar as it is fundamentally based on rewarding the deserving. As Johnson (2000) maintains, however, merit pay has been critiqued by many as fundamentally flawed and, ultimately, unethical. To this end, Johnson (2000) quotes Olsen (1987, p. 2) as saying that merit

Implementation of a Performance Appraisal System Assignment

Implementation of a Performance Appraisal System - Assignment ExampleAs this is a fodder serving company so the labor intensive workforce can be shown over here. Simultaneously management of human resource and performance approximation are very much meaning(a) aspect in such case.New performance appraisal formation will improve the communication system within organization. Sometimes problems are raised for lack of communication between employees and managers. If this appraisal system is used to find out the opportunities to serve the work in a better and improved way then it will be useful for both employees and the managers.It will provide a career path to the employees of the organization. It mostly gives the opportunity to be promoted in the company and employees feel valued and pleased towards the organization. They become loyal at their work as they get the stable sight in the company.The saucily system is required to improve the quality level. As this business is related to the food industry so this can be utter that if the quality of performance or job will be increased then the amount of revenue will also be increased.From the employees superman of view the system will also be cost effective because it will clarify the expectations, define clearly about the career path, job accountability, self-importance assessment and job satisfaction.360 degree feedback, peer assessment, self assessment, negotiated performance appraisal can be used for forming the new metrics of performance appraisal system. team system model can be implemented in such case. In the restaurant business team performance is very much important to meet the primary objectives and special criteria. Proper inputs from team will improve the growth of the business.At the part of conclusion this can be stated that new performance appraisal system will control the mission, purpose, people, system, growth and quality performance of an organization which is very much essential for future

Career Choices Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Career Choices - Research Paper ExampleIn addition, this course has galore(postnominal) public life paths from which wholeness can pack from social occasionicularly when it comes to specializing in one area of the profession. This being the case, this paper explores the Design and Technology as a career choice in relation to design in terms of both career prospects and competing benefits. A career in design and Technology is indeed a good one considering the fact that many career paths from which one can choose from in this field of study exist. This is the main reason I have decided to pursue a career in Design and Technology (Barlex, 27). With a degree in Design and Technology, one both can opt to become a designer in various sectors or incorporates their technological skills into private practice just to mention but a few (Ansell, 56). Currently, I am majoring on the Design part of this career, as it coincides with my career aspirations of becoming a designer. Being a stude nt of Design and Technology, I usually go for industrial attachments and internships and currently I am attached to a technology design company that specializes in the production of digitized photos. Since the field of Design and Technology is a broad one, one needs at least an undergraduate degree in order to be more refined in their prospective professions and career choices. This is especially so due to the gruelling and broad coursework involved in the study, a prerequisite most employers look for (Barlex, 27). When it comes to the working environment, perhaps Design and technology is the best career choice one can make considering the fact that designers can choose either to work online or work from offices in the course of carrying out their respective duties (Ansell, 56). This means that with a career in Design and technology, one can work from anywhere irrespective of their geographical conditions (Cave, 39). Besides, a Design and Technology professional can either decide t o seek employment or venture into private practice owing to their vast array of competencies. Certainly, the career is quite inspirational and a amount of facts and ideas played a key role in influencing my decision to take this career path (Barlex, 27). Fundamentally, I had an uncle who took the same career path and he utilize to encourage me by constantly telling me the benefits of pursuing a career in Design and Techno

Travel in South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Travel in South Africa - Essay ExampleThe country is characterized by world class infrastructure, friendly citizens as well as spectacular scenery. This sphere received a major boost during the 2010 world cup when it received the highest number of take careors in history.There atomic number 18 various benefits associated with the industry in South Africa. Tourism and travel provides foreign exchange for the country. This gives the governments enough m hotshoty to offset the foreign debts, allows the South African Rand to stop at par with the US dollar. It also allows the government to pay its employees (Walker and Keith 15). This means that governments have money that is dedicated towards constructive projects such as education, infrastructure as well as health care. The South African citizens that go for shopping sprees abroad have the money to buy goods and services as long as the foreign currencies are readily available in the economy (Walker and Keith 22). Finally, tourism and travel facilitates exportation of goods into the country.Tourism and travel leads to the direct and indirect creation of jobs. When tourists visit the country, it leads to job creation for jewelry trades, drivers and vendors that are directly involved in the sector (Walker and Keith 33). Tourism and travel also has an indirect impacts on landlords and other traders. The sector plays a key role in ensuring job creation in the hotel and entertainment industries. As earlier stated the tourism and travel sector employs one out of every twelve individuals in the economy.The tourism sector contributes towards infrastructure development as the government works towards developing roads, electricity and communication networks in the country to attract tourists. This results into an infrastructure improvement in the country (Walker and Keith 67). The tourist and travel sector results into cultural preservation through economic and cultural incentives. Finally, it results

Choose from the 3 available topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Choose from the 3 available topics - Essay ExampleDespite the changes adopted in the representation structure, the policies utilise for women differ from that handlingd in men. Men are given the chance to fight out with fellow men for the different representation position plot of land women benefit from quota musical arrangements in which parties reserve special positions for them. The application of the principle of reservation and quota system has enabled women to represent the specific interest of their gender in the house. In Mala Htun phrase is gender like paganity, the idea behind the formation of group specific parties is evaluated. The author also looks at the dynamics involved in reserving seats use the quota system for women and the reservation of legislative seats for the minority groups (Htun 434). Different countries have different policies on representation and the use of reservation and quotas for special groups like women and ethnic minority. This system applie s to only democratic situations whether completely religious like Muslim or catholic state, developed and developing countries among other identities. Most countries have sound requirements for this representation and this highlights the approach adopted by such countries when reserving different seats for its people. Countries that lack legal basis for reservation and quotas have different political arrangement, which allows for carnival representation in parties and representative posts. The United States lacks a legal framework for representation of the minority or the women but uses a race conscious districting system that gives room for fair representation of all the races (Htun 434). In mature electoral democracies, states reserve special quotas within the political parties for women and legislative seats for the ethnic minority. The use of quotas and cleavages has been approached with a traditional perspective that fails to look at the implications and benefits of these rep resentations. The author argues that the use of candidate quotas can only be significant within groups that have home run cutting interest while legislative reservation should be allocated to groups that have coinciding interests. Under the principle of use of quota for political party reservation, the law requires a specific number of slots to be left for women candidates during nomination. This is common in most democracies in which the law may require that a third of positions in all areas be reserved to women and that the ranking within these positions should alternate with men. The principle of quota system has significantly affected parties decisions and individuals picked to represent parties in certain districts (Dahlerup 214). The use of representation stock-still affects the entire demography of an electoral system as it result into the creation of new electoral incentives and rules. These results into the creation of more than one deposit of electoral schedule with sp ecial districts reserved for the minority groups. Under these principles, a party seeks to have a certain group of people who are subjected to a different set of conditions to be elected to the legislature (Htun 434). Strengths and weaknesses of the authors arguments In this paper, the author attempts to highlight the differences between the types of presentations that border on the quota system and the representation within the legislature. by dint of this article, the author has critically highlighted the

Microsoft Wk 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Microsoft Wk 2 - Essay ExampleThis was followed by IBM which reported sales revenues reaching $22.485 billion and Oracle in 3rd place at $20.958 billion (van Kooten, 2011). Despite the dominance of Microsoft, one strongly believes that competition within the packet industry has been stiff, especially in the last decade, as evidenced by the increasing numbers of new and innovative software companies that enter and participate within this sector.From the information gathered and generated by Software Top100 and as reported by van Kooten and Verberne (2009), there has been fastest growing software companies that aimed to compete and even topple the leadership position nestled by Microsoft. From among the fastest growing software companies noted, Google (headquartered in the USA) topped the list with a remarkable growth rate of 455% followed by Kaspersky (from Russia) at a growth rate of 177% and the third by Nintendo (of Japan) with a reported growth rate of 113% (1). The table below w ould clearly support that competition within the software industry sector has reflected intense pressureThe steerer for financial growth in terms of sales revenues, net profits and vast opportunities offered by the fast developments that technological applications and software development has reflected paved the direction for the increased competition, as seen. Further, the report of van Kooten (2011) revealed that the number of entrants and also departures from this sector also prove that stiff competitive pressures either make or recrudesce the existence, sustainance and continued support for software companies. In addition, just like in other fast moving industries and sectors, especially within the technological development and applications industry, well-nigh industry players apply diverse corporate strategies to fight for market tracts. Some large organizations decide to acquire other smaller companies to expand market share and improve

What is Customer Service Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

What is Customer Service Quality - Essay ExampleFor Lucas (2005, p.4), node dish means the employees capacity to provide both their external and internal clients such satisfactory products and services. Once customers are satisfied by the products and services of the company, Lucas (2005, p.4) added that it leads to convincing formulate of mouth which then causes a good business return. In terms of having a customer service of quality, quality of service is defined by Parasuraman et al. (1985) as a satisfaction outcome between the actual service rendered by a certain organization and the expected desired service of the customer from the company. In the event of assessment of the quality of service, Parasuraman et al. (1985) added that this is subjected not only on the final outcomes of actual service but it also depends during various operations of the companys service. Meanwhile, from the point of view of the customers, the service quality is shaped by five elements namely serv ice delivery, physical aspects of service, service delivery system, service product or primary service, and social responsibility (Sureshchandar et al., 2001, p 113). 2.2 Examining the Notion of Service Quality The important outcome of different elements like customer retention, performance as rise as cost effectiveness is what we know as quality of service. According to Parasuraman et al. (1988), the quality of service is one among the different mechanisms applied by a bay window of institutions to achieve mastery. Given the satisfaction of the customer with the company, it is more likely that that particular customer will transact with that specific company once more. In particular, it is the sequel that companies may possibly apply the parameter of quality of service as a defensive marketing scheme through lowering costs which results to customer retention (Parasuman & Grewal, 2000, p14). Apart from that, service quality can also be used by businesses as an offensive marketi ng approach through gaining bigger market share (Parasuman & Grewal, 2000, p14). Service quality is the end product of competition among companies to fulfill customers needs successfully. It is suggested that how quality of service is perceived by customers is more ofttimes that the not, the major cause for his or her return (Lucas, 2005 p. 342). Given this, companies should create a quality system to attend the needs of customers in order to yield success in the market competition (Berry & Parasuraman, 1997, p.66). Meanwhile, in terms of quality of service, there are three kinds of customers which are internal, external and competitors customers (Berry & Parasuraman, 1997). They have engaged in a debate that an integrated information system based on all three customer categories helps in achieving high quality service and facilitates decision - fashioning activities of different organizations. On the one hand, Berry and Parasuraman (1997, p.66) claimed that measuring the expected service, emphasis on the quality of information, describing the words of clients, connecting the performance of services to the business results, and also compass all staff members of the company are the parameters to meet the prerequisites of quality of service. On the one hand, Parasuraman et al. (1985, p.7) stated that goods are easier to evaluate than the service quality because it is heterogeneous and nonphysical and same with the fact that product and consumption are two inseparable entities. Berry (1980) agreed with Parasuraman et al. (1985). As Berry (1980) pointed out, the difficulty of measuring services is due(p) to work environment that renders service like building and office decor. Meanwhile, the most significant key determining factors of quality of service are identified by Parasuraman et al

Integration processes in the countries of the Asian-Pacific region Essay

Integration processes in the countries of the Asian-Pacific region under the conditions of the globalization intensification - Essay ExampleThe paper illustrates the increase role of the countries of the Asian-Pacific region in the world economy in terms of GDP, trade volumes and capital flows. The impact of the globalization on Asian countries is under the consideration.States in the region have become increasingly interdependent and regionalism is perceived as a stage for further multilateral trade liberalization. Regionalism is divided into two categories. iodine is discriminatory in that there is free trade among the members of the region but the non members are excluded. These include customs unions and the separate are preferential trading areas. The other one is compatible to the most favored rule of the World Trade Organization and referred to as open regionalism which allows free trade among all members and non members in the region. The gradatory elimination of internal trade barriers leads to greater multilateral trade liberalization in a given region promoting globalizationThe South Asian countries boldness political instability and ethnic conflicts which hinder trade liberalization and global integration. These countries are highly dependent on the world economy. A good exemplification is China where FDI-driven models are essential to their growth models.Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore have a comparative advantage in high-value goods and services. China has an apparent advantage in labor intensive agricultural and manufacturing exports. India has a pool of cheap labor and it should be labor intensive, FDI driven exporter motivating the industrial sector as considerably as a major exporters of labor intensive agricultural products. Southeast Asia is the main beneficiary of the deep integration into the East-Asian manufacturing supply chains.

How concerns of commerce and business spur on the development of Essay

How concerns of commerce and business spur on the development of maths - Essay ExampleThe term mathematic was derived from the Greek word mathema to mean an instructional subject. numeral methods were further refined by Greek mathematics and that lead to expansion of the subject matter. The value system was a component by Chinese mathematics whereas the numeral system and its operational rules were from the Hindu (Kline 200). The roots of mathematics lie within the concepts of magnitude, number and form. The number concept has been gradually evolving with time and has lots of hurt from languages existence that provide distinction between total like one and two or umpteen (Menninger 77). The most ancient demonstration of prime numbers and sequences is thought to have been from the Ishango bone, which was found in Congo near the Nile river headwaters (Avner 87). That bone was approximately 20,000 years old and it had a series of carved tally label running in three columns as per the bone length. There are arguments that the prime number concept came after division concept. It has also been claimed that, geometric designs were equal pictorially in 5th millennium BC. Other geometric ideas like ellipses, circles and Pythagorean triples were incorporated in England and Scotland monuments (Menninger 77). The history of mathematics is explained further by the contri aloneion of different countries believed to have been involved in its development. Babylonian mathematics defines mathematics of Sumerians, people from Mesopotamia (Hoyningen et al. 42). Its name relates with Babylons central role of study. Sumerians who drafted tables of multiplication on carcass tablets, solve division problems and geometrical exercises evidenced written mathematics (Avner 87). Most of the clay tablets that were recovered included cubic and quadratic equations, fractions, algebra and calculations of pairs of regular reciprocal. Quadratic and unidimensional equations solutions w ere also included. Egyptian mathematics is defined as mathematics in Egyptian language (Avner 87). The Rhind papyrus is its extensive text and it is a manual of operating instructions for students in geometry and arithmetic. It gives multiplication methods, area formulas, working out unit fractions and division. It also shows knowledge of composite, prime numbers, and arithmetic. It also describes how geometric series and linear equations are solved (Hoyningen et al. 42). Greek mathematics is also called Hellenistic mathematics. It was more complicated than other mathematical genres. Others used inductive reasoning and repeated observations for rule establishment but Greeks used deductive reasoning (Mumford 105). Calculations of volumes and areas of curvilinear figures were introduced and great advancement in geometry reached. The Euclidean geometry theorem introduced subjects of the time as algebra, number theorem and solid geometry (Kline 200).This theorem proved infinity of many prime numbers and the irrationality of the square root of two. This theorem was also thorough on subjects such as optics, conic sections, mechanics and spherical geometry (Hoyningen et al. 42). In Chinese and Middle Eastern advances, there was pie estimation by circumscribed and inscribed polygons. They were also particular in notation of the decimal system, development of the Chinese algebra and

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Interview - Essay ExampleBad is what the religion declares bad. Religion is the fundamental source of evaluation of matters and their categorization as true or bad. Likewise, right is what religion allows and wrong is what religion disallows. In case bingle is not able to retrieve firm decision of the religion upon a matter, one should use the common sense to decide whether an action is right or wrong. Perfection means zero mistake. Excellence is the level closest to perfection, only if not perfection. Justice is what makes a system stable and sustainable. Peace/harmony is lack of conflict. Compromise and patience are required to achieve peace/harmony. The break off/goal/objective of existence is worshipping of one God and living the life according to His instructions. This objective can be achieved by studying and adjusting the ways in accordance with the instructions in the Holy book and following the instructions and actions of the Prophet. Family is the basic social unit. Fam ily is a system wherein people are related to one an opposite and have certain rights upon and responsibilities towards one another as dictated by the religion. A community is any group of people that have some kind of shared interests. Society is the conglomerate of communities. Different communities join together to form a society. Culture is a conglomerate of the social norms, values, trends and traditions which are form jointly by the history, religion and the geography. We learn the culture of our own society by living and growing up in it. We learn about other cultures through literature and media. Social interaction is the dealing of individuals with one another. A relationship is an interaction guided by the rights and responsibilities of the related parties towards each other. Trade is the lift of exchange. Economics is the management of finances. Power is authority accompanied with responsibility. Politics is a

Marketing Plan for Company G Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Plan for Company G - Research Paper ExampleThis discussion stresses that consumers with comparatively higher income level are likely to purchase electronic appliances as they want to make their life more convenient, and they are ready to part with their money for that. Individual with higher income level are habituated towards trying new commodities and thus would be a prime source of companys initial revenue from the newly launched product line. In plus to the income level, geography is another important factor. The company should focus its marketing activities in mostly the urban areas as compared to the rural. There are several other diametrical bases for identification of the target market. It must be kept into consideration that one segmentation variable must be superior to another in the hierarchy of variables. Other variables for identification of target market would be age, gender, occupation, education, social class, buyer behavior and lifestyle. This paper de clares that the product of the company can be divided into ternary categories namely convenience goods, shopping goods and specialty goods. Following is the classification of the products offered by the company. The marketing objective if the company G would be to create awareness in the market about the newly launch product line. The company would have to organize various promotion and advertising activities in order to provide commensurate exposure to the new product. Price Marketing objective related to the price would be to promote the product based on the criteria that the prices have been set for customers be to contrary income level. The strategy will assist the company in increasing its customer base as it would increase the target market when people from different income classes are indulged in the buying of the companys products. Place Since the company has established a sound consumer base of franchises in its target market, the

Terrorism Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Terrorism Debate - Essay ExampleTerrorism can be sparked by a group of individuals who do not want to agree with the society or how their countries are being governed by their leaders, so they commit such criminal and inhumane acts to make a narration of protest (Shimko 296). It is whether they want communism, socialism or anarchy in their nation or they want to overthrow their leaders and wreak in people who concord qualities similar to the ones their ideal leaders are supposed to have. They know for a fact that in order to overthrow a government, the best way is to bring down the economy. And one of the post 9/11 aftermaths engendered economic depression not only in the USA but all around the world. Blowing up harbors of business like that results in depleting jobs, deficiency in funding and a huge international debt.We are well aware of the presence of anti-peace groups around the world, and thither are many present in different religions of America. Although these attacks do n ot necessarily have to be due to religious animosity, we need to keep an brusk mind and understand that there could be thousands of reasons to motivate people for conducting such acts of monstrosity. However, in this case the reasons became clear when the terrorist took upon themselves accountability for their actions and stated the reasons that motivated such acts, which were grow in religion (Rubin 349). These people intend to destroy whatever stands in their ways they consider everyone who does not believe in what they do to be ruthlessly killed. These men are not afraid of dying, and so their objective is to inflict pain and fill their victims with fear.These victims were mostly business people, and each and every person that died in those buildings was innocent. Three thousand of those innocent civilians went to work on the 11th of September, and nobody returned home to their families and friends. Hundreds of

The U.S. Navy Role in World War II Essay Example for Free

The U.S. Navy Role in World trash II EssayAbstractWorld War II was the mightiest struggle humankind has ever seen. It killed to a greater extent people, cost more money, damaged more property, affected more people, and caused more far-reaching changes in n first both country than any opposite war in history. The number of people killed, wounded, or missing between September 1939 and September 1945 can neer be calculated, but it is estimated that more than 55 million people perished. More than 50 countries took part in the war, and the whole world felt its effects. Men fought in to the highest degree every part of the world, on every continent except Antarctica. Chief battlegrounds included Asia, Europe, North Africa, the Atlantic and peaceful oceans, and the Mediterranean Sea. The joined States hoped to stay out. sketch on its experience from World War I, social intercourse passed a series of neutral acts between 1935 and 1939, which were intended to prevent the Statesn s becoming entangled with belligerentsWhile America was wallowing in neutrality and isolationism, events were occurring in Europe and Asia that were causing increasing tension across the regions. Japan and the United States had been edging toward war for decades. The United States was particularly dysphoric with Japans increasingly belligerent attitude toward China. The Japanese government believed that the only way to solve its economic and demographic problems was to expand into its neighbors territory and collide with over its import market to this end, Japan had declared war on China in 1937(Tsukiyama, 2006) . American officials responded to this aggression with a shelling of economic sanctions and trade embargoes. They reasoned that without access to money and goods, and especially essential supplies like oil, Japan would have to rein in its expansionism.Instead, the sanctions made the Japanese more determined tostand their ground. During months of negotiations between Tokyo and Washington DC, neither side would budge. It seemed that war was inevitable. No one believed that the Japanese would start that war with an attack on American territory. For one thing, it would be terribly inconvenient for the Japanese. Hawaii and Japan were closely 4,000 miles apart. For another, American intelligence officials were confident that any Japanese attack would take place in one of the relatively nearby European colonies in the South Pacific the Dutch East Indies, for instance, or Singapore or Indochina(Tsukiyama, 2006) . Because American military leaders were not expecting an attack so close to home, the naval facilities at bone Harbor were relatively undefended. Al some the entire Pacific run was moored around Ford Island in the harbor, and hundreds of airplanes were squeezed onto adjacent airfields.To the Japanese, Pearl Harbor was an irresistible target. The Japanese plan was simple, Destroy the Pacific Fleet. That way, the Americans would not be able to figh t back as Japans armed forces spread across the South Pacific. On December 7, after months of planning and practice, the Japanese launched their attack. At about 8 a.m., Japanese planes filled the sky over Pearl Harbor. Bombs and bullets rained onto the vessels moored below. At 810, a 1,800-pound bomb smashed through the deck of the battleship USS azimuth and landed in her forward ammunition magazine. The ship exploded and sank with more than 1,000 men trapped inside. Next, torpedoes pierced the shell of the battleship USS Oklahoma(Tsukiyama, 2006) . With 400 sailors aboard, the Oklahoma addled her balance, rolled onto her side and slipped underwater. By the time the attack was over, every battleship in Pearl HarborUSS Arizona, USS Oklahoma, USS California, USS West Virginia, USS Utah, USS Maryland, USS Pennsylvania, USS Tennessee and USS Nevada had sustained significant damage.In all, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor crippled or destroyed 18 American ships and nearly 300 airpl anes. Dry docks and airfields were likewise destroyed. Most important, closely 2,500 men were killed and another 1,000 were wounded(Tsukiyama, 2006) . The Japanese had failed to cripple the Pacific Fleet. By the 1940s, battleships were no longer the most important naval vessel Aircraft carriers were, and as it happened, all of the Pacific Fleets carriers were away from the base on December 7. Moreover, the Pearl Harbor assault had left the bases most vital shoreward facilitiesoil storage depots, repairshops, shipyards and submarine docksintact. As a result, the U.S. Navy was able to rebound relatively quickly from the attack. The following day president Roosevelt address the nation stating Yesterday the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked. No matter now long it may take us to overcome this turn over invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.I believe I interpret the will of the Congress and of the peopl e when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will cook up very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again. On December 8, Congress approved Roosevelts declaration of war. Three days later, Japanese allies Germany and Italy declared war against the United States. For the second time, Congress reciprocated. More than two years after the start of the conflict, the United States had entered World War II. Six months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States defeated Japan in one of the most decisive naval battles of World War II. This fleet engagement between U.S. and Japanese navies in the north-central Pacific Ocean resulted from Japans desire to sink the American aircraft carriers that had escaped destruction at Pearl Harbor.Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku, Japanese fleet commander, chose to invade a target relatively close to Pearl Harbor to draw out the American fleet, calculating that when the United States began its counte rattack, the Japanese would be prepared to crush them. Instead, an American intelligence breakthroughthe solving of the Japanese fleet codesenabled Pacific Fleet commander Admiral Chester W. Nimitz to understand the exact Japanese plans. Nimitz placed available U.S. carriers in repose to surprise the Japanese moving up for their preparatory air strikes on Midway Island itself. The intelligence interplay would be critical to the outcome of the battle and began many weeks in front the clash of arms. American radio nets in the Pacific picked up various orders Yamamoto had dispatched to prepare his forces for the operation.As early as May 2, messages that were intercepted began to indicate some coming(a) operation, and a key fact, the planned day-of-battle position of the Japanese carriers, would be divulged in a notice sent on May 16. By the time Nimitz had to make final decisions, the Japanese plans and order of battle had been reconstructed in considerable detail. American combat forces took over where intelligence efforts left off. Scouts found the Japanese early inthe morning of June 4. Although initial strikes by Midway-based planes were not successful, American carrier-based planes turned the tide. Torpedo bombers became separated from the American dive-bombers and were slaughtered 36 of 42 shot down, but they divert Japanese denials just in time for the dive-bombers to arrive some of them had become lost, and now by luck they found the Japanese. The Japanese carriers were caught while refueling and rearming their planes, make them especially vulnerable. The Americans sank four fleet carriers the entire strength of the task force Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, and Hiryu, with 322 aircraft and over tailfin thousand sailors.The Japanese also lost the heavy police cruiser Mikuma. American losses included 147 aircraft and more than three hundred seamen. The last and biggest of the Pacific island battles of World War II, what the battle of Okinawa the campaign invo lved the 287,000 troops of the U.S. ordinal Army against 130,000 soldiers of the Japanese Thirty-second Army. At stake were air bases vital to the projected invasion of Japan. Japanese forces changed their typical tactics of resisting at the waters touch to a defense in depth, designed to gain time. In conjunction with this, the Japanese navy and army mounted mass air attacks by planes on one-way suicide missions. The Japanese also sent their last big battleship, the Yamato, on a similar mission with a few escorts(Lacey, 2003) .The kamikaze tactics the Japanese used on these missions, although not especially sophisticated, but their determination made it especially difficult for the Allies. The net result made Okinawa a mass bloodshed both on land and at sea, and among both the islands civilian population and the military. A series of defense lines across the island, both north and south of the American landing beaches, enabled the Japanese to conduct a fierce defense of Okinawa over many weeks. Using pillboxes and strong points, caves, and even some ancient castles, the Japanese defense positions supported one another and often resisted even the most determined artillery fire or air strikes. Mounting few attacks themselves, the Japanese keep their strength for this defense(Lacey, 2003) .Caves or pillboxes often had to be destroyed individually with dynamite charges. This battle took place in an environment much more heavily dwell than most Pacific islands, with civilian casualties of almost 100,000 and equally heavy losses for the Japanese army. It was a scene straight out of hell. There is no other way to describe it, recalls HigaTomiko, then a seven-year-old girl, who survived the battle. The commanding planetarys on both sides died in the course of this battle. American general Simon B. Buckner by artillery fire, Japanese general Ushijima Mitsuru by suicide. Other U.S. losses in ground combat included 7,374 killed, 31,807 wounded, and 239 missing in action(Lacey, 2003) . The navy suffered 4,907 killed or missing aboard 34 ships sink and 368 damaged 763 aircraft were lost. At sea and in the air, the Japanese expended roughly 2,800 aircraft, plus a battleship, a light cruiser, and four destroyers, with losses that can be estimated at upwards of 10,000.The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was tasked with spearheading the construction of the vast facilities necessary for the top-secret program, codenamed The Manhattan Project. Hiroshima, a manufacturing center of some 350,000 people located about 500 miles from Tokyo, was selected as the first target. After arriving at the U.S. base on the Pacific island of Tinian, the more than 9,000-pound uranium-235 bomb was loaded aboard a modified B-29 bomber christened Enola Gay. The plane dropped the bombknown as Little Boyby parachute at 815 in the morning, and it exploded 2,000 feet above Hiroshima in a blast equal to 12 to15,000 tons of TNT, destroying five square miles of the city.Hiroshimas devastation failed to elicit immediate Japanese drop out, however, and on August 9 Major Charles Sweeney flew another B-29 bomber, Bockscar, from Tinian. Thick clouds over the primary target, the city of Kokura, herd Sweeney to a secondary target, Nagasaki, where the plutonium bomb Fat Man was dropped at 1102 that morning. More powerful than the one used at Hiroshima, the bomb weighed nearly 10,000 pounds and was built to produce a 22-kiloton blast. The topography of Nagasaki, which was nestled in narrow valleys between mountains, reduced the bombs effect, limiting the destruction to 2.6 square miles. Japans Emperor Hirohito announced his countrys unconditional surrender in World War II in a radio address on August 15, citing the devastating power of a new and most cruel bomb.References1. Naval History and Heritage Command. (2012, May 14). Battle of midway, 4-7 june 1942. Retrieved from http//www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/midway/midway.htm 2. Lacey, L. (2003, April 13). Battle of okinawa. Retrieved fromhttp//www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/okinawa/default.aspx 3. Tsukiyama, T. (2006). http//nisei.hawaii.edu. Retrieved from http//nisei.hawaii.edu/object/io_1149316185200.html 4. World war 2 history. (2007). Retrieved fromhttp//www.WorldWar2History.info/Midway/5. Ohio state university. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//ehistory.osu.edu/wwii/USNCV.cfm 6.Goldfield, D (2010). The american journey , volume 2 . (6th ed., Vol. 2). Prentice Hall 7. national achivements. (1998, 08). Retrieved from http//www.archives.gov/research/arc/ww2/army-casualties/

Save Our Environment Essay Example for Free

Save Our Environment EssayA very good morning to my teachers and my fellow students. I am here today to give a speech about our role to save our surroundings. Today, when environment is being polluted so vigorously, everyone has tho one question on their mind that is how to save environment from being polluted. The strongest way to protect environment is save trees. Trees play an important role to nourish air clean.If there will be no fresh air available past how will military personnel beings, animal, and birds survive? Therefore, a clean environment is the need for every living object on this earth. Many puffy organizations, schools, colleges, and NGOs are taking initiatives to save trees for a better future, clean air, and unpolluted environment, in short healthy life for living objects. Nowadays, trees are being cut with a great speed for full filling daily needs of human beings.You might have noticed that as the number of trees is reducing disasters are being continuo usly increasing, which is ultimately leading into high death rate. A big part of the trees is cut to make paper to help us do our personal and official works. If the utilization of paper will be minimized then we can save a large number of trees from being cut, which leads into healthy and clean environment that is fresh air and healthy life.One of the biggest initiatives to save trees is to promoting the use of paper less media like mobile phones. It is really a great idea to use paperless media to minimize the use of paper. Another initiative, which has been taken by schools, colleges, and universities in the increase in online examinations. Finally, i hope that one day we could be a responsible human being, we all need to take some initiatives to protect environment and to save trees to live a better life. That is all, thanks for listening.

Importance of Technical Education Essay Example for Free

Importance of Technical Education EssayEducation is important for every soulfulness in a nation. It p temporals a vital determination to change the st ar of a country. No country could bring a revolution in it unless its everybody are educated enough to meet the challenges. Education makes a man realize about himself and his goals and how to achieve that goals. Basically, Education is divided into three groups. The Education which teaches the concerns of a order is called Social Education. The Education which develops a personality inside a man himself is called Spiritual Education. The Education that concerns with the professionalism is called vocational Education.The Technical Education comes under the branch of Vocational Education which deals practically in the field of trade, commerce, agriculture, medicine Engineering. We are living in the modern age of science where we found Technologies in every formulation of life. What makes life so brain friendly for us simply th ese are the Technologies which we use for our ease and comforts. Not only in our daily life further also in the research centre, in defensive measured of a country, biological aspects etc. No nation could generate the progress unless it promotes expert aspects in its fields.The expert education produces technicians for all type of industries and it is true that the progress of a country much depend upon its industrialization without which a handsome economy would non be possible. Using a technology is far easier than to develop it. For developing a technology, it needed high skill teams which throw away a high info for the theme. It also needed a high amount of time and also money. To fulfill all these, there must be technical institutes which must multiply all the faculties of technological studies and also the support of government to support financially to contruct it at international level.If it would be at International level then it would be easier to students to grab data in their own state so that they could do something for their own country. Pakistan leads in the technological era. The exhibition canters in Pakistan plays a vital role in backing up the technicians to come up with more and more new technologies because it gives reflection of our technologies to the foreigners which are representing their country, which means we are reflecting our image to that world. By this we watch a sense of development and prosperity that we also produce creative mind in the technological aspect.As far as Pakistans implementation in techno field is concern, we might look around and observe that in every field of life we are using high class technologies whether it is in the Industrial purpose, business purpose, agriculture purpose or defensive purpose. There has been a lot of emergence of on-line trading, which deals with high technological concerns in term of machinery and software. Pakistan telecommunication field also deal with high-class technology. P akistan also announces to produce best technicians of its own through their technical education centers which allow approximately all the faculties for technical development.These institutes also support the new courses of technology which are introduced at a instant so that there would be no line at which we lay behind. The most important institutes of in Pakistan which support the technical courses incorporate, NED University, GIK University, Karachi University, Mehran University and there are also some other private Universities which deal in technological subjects. These institutes promise to produce technicians who cold meet the challenges of the technological era.I feel proud when I watch the students rushing towards these technical institutes to become a prosperous technician who have a sense of responsibility for the progress of their nation. Technical education promotes the material prosperity and economic advancement. It produces the sense of self-respect and dignity. If a country has her own technical experts, she may save a lot of foreign exchange i. e. Technical Education makes a country rich, prosperous and resourceful. Our country is rich in unexampled material resources but the thing is, we must have enough technical information to benefit from them.

Making Sense of Facts and Theories

Making Sense of Facts and TheoriesFacts argon needed to score theories but theories be needed to make understanding of facts. Discuss this statement with reference to two areas of slam leadge.Facts are intimacys believed to be true. There are several(predicate) types of facts that provoke be distinguished, real facts and said facts. Real facts are those that are always true like not being satisfactory to walk through w each(prenominal)s and said facts are just plain statements which declare something as a fact but can be either true or false. One needs to be careful when declaring a fact because declaring makes it a said fact. Facts themselves need no declaration, not eve in a surmise, said facts if true, are made true by facts. Theories, on the different hand, can be made up of facts or can be utilise to explain them. Theories do not depend on facts but their truth does. This had led me to explore the following knowledge question how are facts needed to establish theori es? While looking at history and natural sciences, we will fool that facts are usually necessary to be able to come up with a theory. I will be exploring my knowledge question by looking at primer coat and language as the ways of knowing and natural sciences and history as the areas of knowledge.In the area of knowledge of natural sciences, facts are needed to establish theories. Sciences rely on the scientific method which involves doing background research looking at previously known real facts -, constructing a hypothesis based on the facts obtained from the background research and testing it doing an experiment which is based on observation. During the observation process, one realises real facts, those that do not need to be declared because they are demonstrated through the experiment. Therefore, once a series of facts are compiled, a theory can be established explaining those facts. The theory would not be able to be reliable if it did not have facts that made it a true th eory. One decides if a fact is indeed a true fact by using reason which is what allows us to form a logical argument from the observations made. Also, language helps to portray the facts and compile them into a theory since if there were no language, we would not be able to establish theories from any real facts since there would not be a way to transmit or communicate them. Theories need to be tested and they must be able to be replicated by following the original process that was done to establish the theory, so in order for it to be explained or replicated, it needs the assistance of language and reason to communicate the theory and evaluate if it is logical, respectively. A real life example is when we tested Newtons theories of motion in my physics class by doing an experiment with toy cars looking at inertia and impulse, we had access to the facts that made up those theories and hence, we were able to put it into practice and see how they behave.However, it is possible that gi ve access to the same(p) facts, different theories may result. This is perhaps because the facts were not necessarily true because they could have been said facts, just plain statements declaring something as a fact but can be false (as well as true) or because they did not encounter any exceptions through the method they used in their investigation if they did not try in different situations. If they were said facts, because the researchers, most likely, did not follow the scientific method and simply derived a theory from an assumption for a specific hypothesis. Since all theories are subjected to at least one exception, they might not be a hundred per centime true because the same theory does not apply to every possible situation that may affect the outcome. An example of this in the natural sciences is on the laws of gases which but apply if the temperature is kept constant. But then again, the temperature having to be kept constant may be a key fact part of the theory. It wa s previously mentioned that reason is needed to make sense of the facts obtained. Reasoning methods may vary from a researcher to another which is why some theories are shaped but are reviewed afterward a few years because they did not put the facts together in a more logical manner. An example of this is Newtons Universe theory in which he stated that the universe is numberless and static and contains and infinite number of stars equally dispersed however, it was many years later discovered by Olber that if there was an infinite number of stars equally dispersed then, the night would not exist since the universe would be bright in all directions at all times. However, how is it possible to manifest if one theory is really true since they are occasionally subjected to sudden changes receivable to get along research and more accessibility to facts into the field? Can we then believe all of the theories we are presented with? Language also has an important role to play since it can be interpreted differently by different researchers and also, when it is translated into other languages to make it accessible for other individuals, some of the sense might be lost and might stop being a true theory dispassionate of true facts. It is therefore clear that facts are needed to establish theories in the area of knowledge of natural sciences but often, the theories might be subjected to changes due to further facts being discovered.In History, facts are needed to establish theories too. History needs to look at the facts as the evidence obtained from wars and past events to then evaluate and create a theory on what have been the motifs behind that specific event. This is a more controversial area of knowledge because even though we are all presented with the same facts, they can be put into a theory in different ways regarding to the individuals beliefs or background. Given access to the facts about a war, the theory resulting might differ from one person to the ot her depending if the person is from a country that was more affected by it or not. A real-life example is the Spanish Holy Inquisition in which Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon forced everyone in their kingdom to be Catholics and executed those who refused to convert. From an open-minded point of view it seems clear that religious belief cannot be enforced on people. However, I have come across many strong Catholics who believe that the Spanish Inquisition was a good thing to enforce good values onto people and that they even made them a favour helping them to get into heaven. Different people reason the facts in different ways and this is why extremely opposite theories for the same event are established. Also, these facts rely just on language found in manuscripts and stories passed down since none of us was alive at that time and hence, we cannot be sure if these facts are indeed true or if they have been subjected to any sort of manipulation.It is important to k now about how facts are needed to establish theories because they are the smaller bits of information we can obtain and make sense of to arrange them into theories. It is necessary to know that even though theories may seem to be true, they can still be subjected to changes once more research is done and more facts are discovered due to perhaps using a different way of reasoning or following a different investigation method. Additionally, different theories might result from the same facts due to someones beliefs or background and are therefore not always reliable but still, facts are needed to establish a theory, whether it is true or not.

Types Of Risks Associated With Tourism Tourism Essay

Types Of Risks Associated With touristry Tourism EssayA fundamental worldwide issue is to critically task how potential pass seekers perceive the concept of bump and refuge as related to touristry. It is particularly essential in the actual governmental and socio-economic situation when propellers argon facing an increasing take a chance when they travel away from their usual place of stay. Today, the probability of risk that an individual entrust be a victim of terrorism, international conflict, health hazard or natural disaster is very considerable. If the tourism pains is going to be successful, a thorough understanding of international tourists perceptions of risk and guard duty is required. Ensuring galosh is therefore a prerequisite and the minimum for the basic operations of the tourism industry. As a result, the issues of risk and sanctuary within the tourism industry justify attention and research.M each researchers make a clear distinction between golosh a nd protection but some tourism and cordial reception researchers do not. It is important to know that tourism security and safety atomic number 18 not alike to other forms of security and safety. Due to the unique characteristics of the attend to industry in which the tourism industry forms part, some researchers have come up with a new definition Rather than divide safety from security, some tourists experts mingle these two notions into one overall term, tourism surety, (Tarlow, 2007b). Assuring people of safety and security at end points is an essential condition for tourism growth (Cavlek, 2002).Nature of TourismBy its very nature, tourism is a worldwide and strongly competitive sector. Although naturally exposed to economic crunch, natural calamities and emergebreaks of warfargon and epidemics, international tourism has shown authoritative resilience in recuperating from the hostile effects of such harmful, but short-term, factors. However, not only does the buyer have to spend relatively huge amount of his/her liquid income to buy the tourism product, he as closely as sees it in a subjugateive and experiential manner. As a result, tourism is highly sensitive to perceptions of danger and privation of safety and security. It is in this framework that lack of safety and security and occurrences of crime represent a more severe menace to travel and tourism than whatever other negative factor.Tourism and travel is now considered one of the worlds largest industries the UNWTOs(United Nations World Tourism Organization) Tourism 2020 Vision forecasts that international arrivals atomic number 18 expected to reach close to 1.6 billion by the year 2020. Of these worldwide arrivals in 2020, 378 million testament be long-haul travellers and 1.2 billion will be intraregional (UNWTO, 2008).Types of risks associated with TourismThe five major risks associated with tourism are terrorism (Richter, 2003), war and political instability (Sonmez, Apostolopou los, Tarlow, 1999), health (Richter, 2003), crime (Dimanche Lepetic, 1999), and cultural and language difficulties (BasalaKlenosky, 2001). These risks are of growing grandeur in the global tourism environment and present threats not only to tourists but also host societies and the tourists home nations (Richter, 2003).Type of riskExamplesCrimes possibility of being robbed, becoming a subject of rape or murderCulturalPossibility of experiencing difficulties incommunicating with foreigners, culturalmisunderstanding, inability to adjust to aforeign way of life and standardsEquipmentPossibility of mechanical, equipment,organizational problems occurring during travel or at culture (transportation, accommodation, attractions)FinancialPossibility of not obtaining value for moneylosing or wasting money if travel expectations are not fulfilledHealthPossibility of becoming sick while travelingor at the destinationPerformancePossibility of not receiving holiday benefits due to the travel p roduct or avail not performing wellPhysicalPossibility of being physically injured, includes danger and injury baneful to health (accidents)PoliticalPossibility of becoming involved in the political turmoil of the country being visitedPsychologicalPossibility that travel experience will not reflect travelers personality or self- see, damage self-image, reflect poorly on personalitySatisfactionPossibility of not achieving personalsatisfaction and/or self-actualization withtravel experienceSource Sonmez and Graefe (1998a) Basala and Klenosky (2001) Dimanche and Lepetic (1999).Safety and Security in the Tourism sectorTourisms primary goal is to fulfil peoples travel desire and holidays expectations. In narrate to achieve the above mentioned goals, providers of tourist facilities need to make sure that safety and security of their guests are respected. The tourism industry is safety and securitydependent (Tarlow Santana, 2002). Perceptions of safety greatly influence tourists intent ions to travel internationally. Lack of safety is a strong predictor of tourists avoiding some tourist destinations (Sonmez Graefe, 1998a). Also it is important to know that Perceptions of travel risk, anxiety, and perceptions of safety are important determinants of international travel (Reisinger Mavondo, 2005).The issue of Safety and Security has gained more importance in the Tourism industry during the past decade. The safety gene of the tourism health and safety problem has received relatively little attention from tourism and safety management researchers. This particular topic is of fundamental importance globally when we aim at providing quality service in the tourism sector. Safety and security has been identified as one of the five global forces that will drive the tourism industry in the new millennium (Chiang 2000). Successful tourism development is subject to the reduction of risks associated within a destination. Quality service being an important dimension of the to urism industry safety and security need to be put forward in order to achieve our purpose of quality service. Compared to any other economic activity, the tourism sector is highly dependent on our ability to accommodate our guests with a secure and safe environment. In tourist destination areas, it has been noted that tourists are more likely to be potential victims of crimes. According to Ryan (1993), crime piece of tail impede tourism by wielding a significant blow to the fragile nature of a destinations safe image. It is therefore very important to capitalise all our efforts to providing a crime free destination for the tourists.Tourism is also about providing quality experience to the guests. Safety and security are seen as a priori for a prosperous tourism industry in any destination (Pizam et al., 1997 Neumayer, 2004). The UNWTO includes safety and security as a determinant of quality tourist product (UNWTO, 2003). For a tourism product or service to comply with the UNWTOs s afety and security standard, it should not pose a threat to the life, health and other interests, and integrity of the consumer. As outlined by the UNWTO, the concern for safety and security is reflected in several components of tourism experience, including health, cleanliness of accommodation facilities, and reliable and accurate learning.Tourists attributesTourists clearly possess a number of characteristics which account for their increased vulnerability (Sparks 1982). Tourists are tempting targets because they are known to express large sums of money (Fujii and Mak 1980 Chesney-Lind and Lind 1986). They also carry items of value such as cameras, cash and credit cards (Ryan 1993). here are three definitions that explain in details the attributes of holidaying tourists and how these attributes can put their safety and security in jeopardy. Due to those luxury and expensive equipment that they usually carry with them, they can be easily spotted. Parallel to the growth of touris m, many coastal areas of Mauritius continue to experience significant social problems. Many people in these areas are still underprivileged, and the poverty gap between the rich and the poor re of imports among the highest. Tourists are viewed as rich people and this can create a thought of resentment or frustration from the topical anesthetic population as they usually do not possess the comparable luxury goods and would like to have the same. The last mentioned are thus tempted to enter into illegal actions such as attacking tourists to steal their belongings. How to address such issues? This is the real question here. These luxury and expensive items are needed to make their stay in a particular destination memorable, we cannot deny it. Taking pictures and filming the destination both form part of the traditions and folklore of the tourism industry. For these guests it is a way to immortalise their unique experience at the destination, hence, we cannot forbid tourists to carr y those expensive equipment while they are on holidays on our island but kinda we should provide them with a secure and safe environment where they shall feel comfortable to move slightly.Tourist perceptions on a destinations level of safetyFurthermore, if tourists have a negative impression of a destination where they feel threatened or unsafe, they shall develop a negative attitude towards that particular destination whereby customer faithfulness is likely to suffer a lot. For example, because of the US-Libya military confrontation in 1985, nearly two million Americans changed their foreign travel plans in 1986, which resulted in a 30% decrease in visitation compared with the previous year. (Richter Waugh, 1986 Sonmez Graefe, 1998b Edgell, 1990). This can impact badly on the tourism industry in the area and thus have got a decline in tourists arrivals in the area. According to George (2003 577), this can happen in the following ways (1) Prospective tourist may decide not to visit the destination because it has a reputation for having a high crime rate. (2) If tourists feel unsafe at a destination, they are not likely to look at part in activities outside their accommodation facility. (3) Tourists who have felt threatened or unsafe are not likely to return to the destination, and they are not likely to recommend the destination to others. Sonmez Graefe (1998b) indicated that despite the tourism industrys worldwide economic strength, terrorism and political turmoil present major challenges to the industry. For instance the political unrest that is present in various African countries like Egypt, Tunisia and Libya has contributed to a negative impact on these countries as potential tourist destinations. It is therefore very important to portray a very positive image of a tourist destination, otherwise this could impede badly on the reputation of the destination.According to sulfur African Tourism Brand Tracker, in January 2005 (DEAT 200529), 22-25 mill ion potential travellers across eight key markets (the USA, the UK, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Australia, India and China) did not consider South Africa as a travel destination over the past 5 years because they were concerned about safety. The persisting perception that South Africa is an unsafe destination, with an uncontrollable crime situation, can also influence the potential tourists decision-making process (Minnaar 200713 Van Niekerk and Oelofse 20071) not to attend the event If Mauritius or other island destinations were to witness such an unsuccessful marketing run for in regards to its tourism sector, this would be catastrophic for the economic survival of such destinations which are highly dependent upon tourists receipts. Crimes engaged against tourists are widely publicized around the globe and have an instant impact in terms of decreasing foreign visitor numbers and the international image of the area as a tourist destination.Information on potential Risks at t he destinationMawby (2000) proposed that tourists should be informed of the risks of visiting tourist areas in order to reduce fear of miserable incidents while holidaying. In a view of providing tourists with a high quality experience during their stay at a destination, they should be given sufficient information on the area. As such, they should be informed on the risks that are present in the tourist areas hence they shall be better prepared to portray any dramatic situations. It is also important that tourists are informed of the emergency processes to be adopted in case they are victim of any kind of crime. For instance, they should be given emergency telephone numbers e.g. Fire services, Police services, Hospital, Ambulance services etc According to George (2002), tourists fear of crime might be derived from several sources, such as their own experience of crime, discussions about crime with their friends and acquaintances, exposure to crime through mass media (television, t he internet,newspapers and radio), and perceptions of actual crime rates, as well as their perceptions of police specialty at the destination. It should be noted that perceived risk has a great influence on the guest during his stay at a particular destination although, that in reality, it does not exist. On the other side, an unperceived risk will not affect consumer behaviour even if it is real and tangible. However unperceived risk might be more dangerous as sometimes guests are not aware of their presence and therefore they are not prepared to face such situations. The tourism authority or other tourism linked organisations should acknowledge the fundamental role that media plays in projecting a good image of a tourism destination. It is how media will publicize crime committed against tourist and how the authorities through media will manage to reassure potential visitors of the level of safety available at the destination that will bump the long term success of a destination .Tsaur, Tzeng and Wang (1997) used an Analytic Hierarchy Process method to determine the weight of various risk evaluation criteria of six representative group package tour itineraries for Taiwanese tourists. Their study was intended to cover two main types of risk physical risk which refers to the possibility that an individuals health is likely to be exposed to injury and sickness because of conditions such as law and order, weather, and hygiene as well as equipments risk which refers to the dangers arising from the malfunctioning of equipment, such as insufficient telecommunication facilities, unsafe transportation, and breakdown of vehicles. Safety and Security of tourists should not be viewed at one side of the coin only, that is providing safety and security only in the hotel resort or while they are on tourist trips, the subject should be addressed in a more holistic way. Safety and Security of tourists should be the concern of the authorities at all times, hence places that are well known to be visited by tourists should be provided with a maximum level of security but not only while they are on semiofficial trips with hotel groups or Tour operators, it should be also while they are visiting on their own.Tourism is a part of the service sector whose unique characteristics (intangibility, inseparability, variability, and perishability) escalate the perceived risk compared to goods(Grnroos, 1990 Lovelock, 1996 Mitchell Greatorex, 1993 Zeithaml Bitner, 1996).We should not forget that the tourism product is exposed to factors, such as bad weather, unwelcoming host population, airport personnel on strike, inedibility of local food, terror, crime, political instability, disease, and natural disasters that account for the safety and security of tourists.Roehl and Fesenmaier (1992) were among the first to study risk perception in tourism. They asked their respondents about the types of risk present in vacations in general and about types of risk present du ring their most recent overnight trip. (Page and Hall 2002, Lynch (1960). They suggested that unfamiliarity and difficulties with environmental learning had implications for fear. Other studies have also stressed on the issue of overseas visitor unfamiliarity with the marine and road environments of the places they are visiting. One factor that can affect the safety and security perception of a destination is the level of familiarity with it. There is ample amount of literature on familiarity and its positive influence on destination image and resultant behaviour (Milman and Pizam, 1995 Mackay and Fesenmaier, 1997 Sonmez and Graefe, 1998 Prentice and Andersen, 2000 Baloglu, 2001 Kim and Richardson, 2003 Prentice, 2004). An increased level of familiarity is purported to provide rewards of security that outweigh potential rewards of uncertainty that is also highly likely to be costly (Burch, 1969, p. 132). Familiarity can be defined in different ways. Milman and Pizam (1995) defined familiarity as a dichotomous variable (familiar and unfamiliar) based on the existence of a previous visit. several(prenominal) researchers investigated the influence of a prior visit and observed that visitors hold more accurate and positive images than non-visitors (Milman and Pizam, 1995 Selby and Morgan, 1996 Baloglu and McCleary, 1999 Richards, 2001 Rittichainuwat et al., 2001 Vogt and Andereck, 2003 Tasci, 2006There is a tendency to think that the issue of safety and security is only at hotel but that is not always correct. Again the factor of addressing the issue in a holistic way comes forward. The picture should be viewed with all factors that make the environment of the tourism industry. The tourism industry is known to be a dynamic one which keeps on changing with time. It should not be viewed as a static industry therefore safety and security are important factors that should be addressed the same way while relations with tourists. The latter keep on changing, their nee ds and wants also. What used to be their top priority in terms of security and safety is not necessarily the same today. Therefore strategies should be amended when needed to adapt to these changes.Effects of terrorism and other forms of attacks on TourismIn the last decade, a series of safety and security events such as terrorism attacks, crimes, natural disasters, and accidents at destinations have increased. These events have prompted travellers to acquire more detailed information and knowledge about crimes, terrorism, political situations or safety and security at particular destinations (Snmez Graefe, 1998a). The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on America spawned new and tightened security measures at corporations, airports, seaports, bus stations, train stations, sports stadiums and other places in the USA where large numbers of people, including tourists, are likely to gather for an event. (Borenstein 2001 Business Week, September 24, 2001 Merzer and Chatterjee 2001 Ni eves and Samuels 2001) The tourists journey starts right after he/she has set foot out of his/her usual place of residence to travel to another destination to stay for more than 24 hours. After September 11, 2001 events, numerous attacks have been carried out in Tunisia, Yemen, Morocco, Colombia, Indonesia, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia. There have been a number of terrorist attacks in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Egypt, and Iraq.After September 11, 2011 terrorist attack, safety and security of tourists has gained more importance. As mentioned earlier, the tourist experience does not occur only at the hotels, it is everywhere and 24/7. Tourism planners should therefore consider providing safety and security likewise. Since September 11, tourists have a constant sagaciousness to travel in the Middle East countries due to those attacks that have been perpetuated in those regions.War and political instability can deter tourists from travel. For example, the massacre inTiananmen substantive in China forced 11,500 tourists to cancel their visits to Beijing in 1989(Gartner Shen, 1992). The Persian Gulf War in 1991 caused a massive redirection of tourists away from the Middle East. blush destinations such as Kenya and Tanzania that are far removed from the Middle East were negatively affected (Honey, 1999). The war on terrorin Afghanistan has created a 54 percent decline in tourist visits to Nepal (Thapa, 2004).