Ib History Paper 3 Guide

Sabrina Shaw Hunter 2A IB History of the the Statess HL 7 November 2012 Paper 3 Guide Mexican gyration Bul permit Points Defined and Summarized1. Ca utilisations of the Mexican Revolution companionable, economic, and policy-making the occasion of the Porfiriato regime * Porfirio Diaz was the dictator of Mexico from 1876 to 1910. His regime is know as the Porfiriato regime. Diazs favorable ideologies and aims were to divide and rule, produce absolute advocator Diazs methods were the Pan o Palo policy and the spoil clay.Diaz desireed to increase industrialisation without increasing foreign investment and he used the spoil system to gain the support of the plastered landowners. Diazs g everyplacenmental goals were to have autocratic rule, have absolute ability, and obtain these through this policies and systems menti 1d earlier. * Through Diazs spoil system, the wealthy became wealthier and the poor, common Mexicans were starving.Hacienda owners were benefiting from the eco nomic situation of Mexico but the people were being oppressed tenderly, economically, and politically, until Madero began counterpane non re- choice campaigns and gyrationary attractorship began to form groups and later armies, starting the Mexican Revolution.2. The revolution and its leadership (1910-1917) Ideologies, aims, methods of Madero, Villa, Zapata, Carranza achievements and failures arrangement of 1917 nature and application * Madero Came to power through the lifting of Diaz- Popular for his book, presidential Succession of 1910.Sought democracy, gained presidency through popular vote. His 15 months in office were followed by resistance political disaster, non-cooperation, and disunity between his followers and eventually Huerta. (His supposedly appoint commandant of the government forces who conspired with the rebels for Maderos fall) * The aims of Madero were to gain Diaz from power and then take Diazs power. Villas aims changed impetuously and for immediate lash-up. Zapatas aims were for agrarian reform complete revolutionary changes and land distribution evenly to the poor.Carranzas aims were to invert Huerta and to create a cast similar to Maderos but without the ambitious social reforms. The ideologies of apiece revolutionary leader be very similar to the aims of each leader. The methods of Madero were forming the Anti-Reelectionist Center of Mexico and creating the Plan of San Luis Potosi. The methods of Villa were guerilla tactic and being a charismatic leader that connected with the lower class. The methods of Zapata were choosing small, easy battle to boost team spirit among his men and fighting while Diaz was occupied with the North.The methods of Carranza were fighting Huerta and creating the Plan of Guadalupe. Madero and Carranza both became electric chair, however they did not carry this position for very long because of their lack of social reform. Zapatas Plan of Ayala was accepted by the former(a) revolutionary leaders. Villa was able to fight and then able to retire subsequently the revolution. * Constitution of 1917 The Constitution of 1917 is exposit as integrity of the nigh progressive constitution created at this time within Mexico it had significant run on the political developments of the country.The constitution of 1917 was approved by the Constitutional Congress on February 5, 1917 as the policy-making Constitution of the unite Mexican States. It was similar to the constitution of 1857 but gave more power to the Executive single out and gave additional rights to the Mexican people. The constitution displayed significant changes in Mexican political philosophy that helped frame the political and social backdrop for Mexico in the twentieth century. For its time it is most-valuable as it was established prior to the final stage of the revolution, showing that the Mexican people were slowly gaining what they were fighting for. Carranza was the first hot seat to serve under this constitution.3. social organisation of the post-revolutionary state (1920-38) Obregon, Calles, and the Maximato challenges assessment of their wedge in the post-revolutionary state Obregon * Mexican president from 1920 to 1924. Obregon was assassinated in 1928 sooner he won the reelection his second presidential term. Calles * Calles held power indirectly through 3 presidents which were his puppets. They were Emilio Portes Gil, Pascual Ortiz Rubio, and Abelardo Rodriguez.Calles plays an important role later on the revolution since, because of him, there was a implicit in(p) change that allowed non-consecutive reelection within Mexico. In 1926, Calles also do an anticlerical legislation by reforming the penal code, this law outlawed religious orders. Some Mexican states such as Jalisco, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Colima, and Michoacan, strongly strange the conception of this law last star(p) to the Cristero struggle. The impact of Calles was very negative on Mexico, bec ause it plunged Mexico into another fight. Maximato A time period of 1928-1935 in which Mexico was led by Plutarco Elias Calles, who is also known as el Jefe Maximo (the supreme leader)4. Lazaro Cardenas and the re revolutionaryal of the revolution (1939-40) aims, methods, and achievements * Lazaro Cardenas was the president from 1934-1940, kind of a few years after the 1920 end to the Mexican revolution. He distributed land, do loans available to peasants, organized workers and peasants confederations, and expropriated and nationalized foreign-owned industries. One of his successes was the six year plan, continuing the spirit of the Mexican Revolution.Cardenas reorganized and purged the party of Calles influence. These actions focused on the trio pillars of his party, labor, peasantry, and the legions. One of his methods included reassessing the Indian cultural heritage, pushing the greatness of old Indian arts and the reevaluation of the Aztec culture which emphasized their influence on modern culture and increased nationalism. Another success of Cardenas included Tienda de Raya. This was a system in which workers on large landholders land would be paid in vouchers or tokens that were only redeemable at the stores be to the landholders. Any debt created by one worker would be passed to his children if he was unable to pay it, this created a system where debt would continue to move through the generations until fully paid.5. The role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the Mexican Revolution motivations, methods of intercession and contributions * Before the war, the United States decided that they would aid civil authorities in enforcing neutrality laws. The United States distinguished themselves and made Mexico aware of their actions in light of war and assistance.Jacob Dickinson, secretary of war for the US authorized American Military to warn Mexican militaries about actions that would be taken if Am erican stick ups and properties were imperil. This action made it clear to Mexico that the US would only intervene under these circumstances. Wilsons goal of intervention was to get the constitutionals, including Carranza, into power so that he could attempt to control the party. Wilson desired for Mexico to be educated in liberal and constitutional lines. During the revolution the largest involvements of the US and Mexico was the Tampico affair and the storm of Veracruz.Woodrow Wilson sought to influence the skirmish by domineering the lead of foreign military supplies to Mexico through its old port, Veracruz. Wilson intended to weaken the government of Huerta by seizing and blockading Veracruz. This would weaken Huerta as Veracruz was the most important port for arms coming in to Mexico. With Americans controlling the port city Wilson could limit the Mexican Armys access to military supplies and could ultimately dictate the flow of arms to the next government of Mexico.By ge tting involved in both the Tampico affair and storm of Veracruz, Wilson was announcing to Mexico and the revolutionary leaders who he supported and didnt. Other than these two physical involvements, the US aided several leaders by providing Madero with a safe haven, and several other leaders with arms to overthrow some leaders while encouraging the rise of others. Wilson tried to eliminate the problem of Villa in an attempt to satisfy scandalise Americans after a Villista raid on Columbus, New Mexico. The United States officially acknowledged the new Mexican government when Carranza came to terms on March 11.6. Impact of the revolution of the arts, education and music (suitable examples could be Siquerios, Rivera, Orozco) the impact of Vasconcelos educational reforms the development of popular music literary works on the revolution * Jose David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896-1974)- A Mexican social realist painter who is known for his large murals in fresco. These murals helped build the post-revolutionary Mexican renaissance. Siqueiros as a somebody historically, participated in the assassination attempt to Leon Trotsky.Diego Rivera (1886-1957) A very well-known Mexican painter whose works are displayed from New York City, to Mexico City, and all the authority to Buenos Aires. He was married to another famous Mexican artist, F resigna Kahlo. Riveras radical political beliefs, his attacks on the church and clergy, as well as his dealings with Trotskyists and left-wing assassins made him a contentious experience throughout Mexico. * Jose Clemente Orozco (1883-1949) Mexican social realist painter who specialized in bold murals. Orozco was the most analyzable of the Mexican muralists.He was very fond of the theme of human suffering, being less realistic in his works. He was also more fascinated by machines than Rivera. He promoted the political causes of peasants and workers, similar to the ideals of Zapata. * Frida Kahlo (1907-1954) Mexican artist known for her great self-portraits, she is remembered for the passion and pain, their vibrant colors. As communists, Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera were active communists and were friends with Leon Trotsky as he sought political insane asylum in Mexico from Joseph Stalins regime in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s.It is important to note that the artistic straw man began in Mexico around the 1930s. The artist grounds following the revolution stands out historically because of its political undertones, the legal age being of a Marxist nature. Many pieces of artwork from the time period are related to the social and political situation of post-revolutionary Mexico. * Jose Vasconcelos (1882-1959) Vasconcelos was a Mexican writer, philosopher, and politician. He worked as Secretary of Education under Alvaro Obregon. He is one of the most influential and controversial personalities in the development of modern Mexico.Vasconcelos started the Mexican mural movement that allowed famous Mexican a rtists to paint on the walls of the most important Mexican buildings. El pueblo a la universidad, la universidad al pueblo Its a mural painted by Jose David Alfaro Siqueiros that repre displaceed the people from bucolic areas were going into school as a result of Vasconcelos educational reforms. i. He is a controversial figure in Mexico, he denounced democracy and supported the ideas of race and power. Supportive of both Madero and Villa during the revolution, he was responsible for initiating major(ip)(ip) reforms in the Mexican school system. Manuel Ponce Mexican composer active throughout the 20th century.Ponce connected the project scene with a forgotten tradition of popular song and Mexican folklore. Many of his compositions are strongly influenced by the harmonies and form of traditional songs. He was able to revive the idea of traditional songs and music. La Cucaracha (The cockroach) Mexican folklore corrido whose origins are unclear but some argue it began during the r evolution and became popular after it ended. Some verses were changed and it express that revenge was wanted for Maderos death. Carlos Chavez- Mexican composer, music theorist, and founder and director of the Mexican Symphonic Orchestra. Chavezs music was influenced by many native Mexican cultures such as the Yaqui. After the Mexican revolution and the democratic election of President Alvaro Obregon, he was well known for using Aztec themes in his music.Key People (10) 1. Porfirio Diaz * Was the leader of Mexico from 1876 to 1910. Diaz came from a military background, with an Indian history. He governed with the Pan o Palo policy, a policy where Mexican citizens were threatened with the ability to eat or be beaten.The policy won Diaz the support of the church and wealthy landowners. By instilling fear into Mexican citizens Diaz was able to re principal(prenominal) in control. His country-bredes tried to suppress peasants and their revolts during his reign. Diaz was known to use th e spoil system, awarding and promoting unqualified people for his own personal gain. He struggled with finding a way to modernize Mexico and how to boost the economy without foreign investment. Diaz was ultimately overthrown in 1910 with the opposition of Madero, and went into exile in 1911. 2. Francisco Madero Madero opposed the dictatorship of Diaz and was pro-democracy. He wrote and published The Presidential Succession of 1910 in hopes that Diaz would stick to his word and allow for a democratic leader to take charge of Mexico. His democratic ideologies were reflected in his non-reelection campaigns and his desire to enact political change. He came from an speeding-class family, possibly one of the reasons he wasnt so focused on social conflict in Mexico at the time. His anti-reelection clubs landed him in jail by Diaz, which led to his escape to Texas.This is where Madero planned San Luis Potosi , ultimately duty for the election of 1910 declared void and Diaz to be officiall y overthrown. Madero assumes power in 1911 by constitutional presidency. Madero used his educational background to spark the revolution, using his knowledge to his advantage. His revolutionary ideals, however, were unsuccessful as he was focused on power instead of pleasing the people. It is also important to know that Madero lacked support of rural leaders, specifically the support of Zapata who was a leader focused on social change.3. Pancho Villa Villas aims were based upon convenience as he was a revolutionary leader that tagged alongside those in power at the time. He was well known for using guerilla tactics and primarily advocating for the poor and supporting the idea of agrarian reform. He was an un immutable leader as he was one who sought action and crime. He was eventually murdered on July 20, 1923.4. Emiliano Zapata * Zapata fought a primarily defensive war. He held non-political methods and ideologies, fighting for a non-violent diplomacy. In that, his main goals were s ocial and agrarian reforms. This is seen as he formed the Ayala plan and spent his time supporting this plan. It revolved around the Mexican land and returning it to rightful land owners. Zapata was focused on controlling small farms and redistributing land in the confederation preferably than focused on power in the North.5. Venustiano Carranza * Carranza became president of Mexico after the overthrow of Huerta in 1914. His success in the revolution was because of his ability to portray himself as keen leader with a hope for peace. Carranza was a supporter of Madero, following his no reelection movement in 1910.Madero named him commander in chief in the revolution of Coahuila and Tamaulipas. Carranza believed that the Plan of San Luis Potosi, originally created by Madero, was inaccurate as the social reform would be nearly impossible to achieve. He then created the Plan of Guadalupe. This plan promised to restore the 1857 Constitution of Mexico without the promised social reform s. The plans then lead to the introduction of Obregon, as he would be the one to create the army for Carranza to lead. Carranza was an ambitious leader, allowing him to be more successful in the revolution than those who relied strictly on arms.6. Alvaro Obregon Obregon supported Carranza in the overthrowing of Huerta, which led to Carranza becoming president. In 1920, Obregon started a revolt against Carranza and Carranza was assassinated. Obregon became the president. His presidency is known as the first stable presidency since the revolution began in 1910. He made education reform, land reform, and made labor laws, for example.7. Victoriano Huerta * Madero sent Huerta to stop Orozcos revolt. After defeating Orozco, he returned to Mexico with a heros welcome. Huerta was promoted to Commander in Chief. Madero endue Huerta in charge to stop the putsch started by a U. S. ambassador.Madero successfully stopped the attempted coup and when he returned, he gained a lot of power and made Madero resign from the presidency. Huerta becomes president on February 19, 1913. In 1913, Carranza leads a rebellion against Huerta, because all the revolutionary leaders are against Huerta except for Orozco. * In 1914, the U. S. turns against Huerta after he defeated a senator. * Huerta tried to unite Mexico under a common hatred for America, but inevitably failed. * He realizes that he cannot win after the US storms Vera Cruz after the Tampico affair, Huerta resigns on July 15, 1914 and Carranza becomes president.8. Pascual Orozco * Orozco supported Madero, because he wanted to remove Diaz from power. He grew to dislike Madero because of Maderos lack of reforms and because Madero did not give Orozco a position in the console or a state governorship. Orozco resigned, but Madero did not accept it until he turned down the governorship of Chihuahua. On March 3, 1912, Orozco declared that he was rebelling against Madero. Orozco was defeating Maderos army, so Madero sent Huerta to s top Orozco, which he accomplished by August. Orozco fled to the U. S. ut later returned to partner with Huerta when Huerta became the president. After the fall of Huerta, Orozco returned to the U. S. , where he was shot and killed on August 30, 1915.9. Benito Juarez * Juarez was a lawyer who was the president of Mexico for 5 terms. His death led to the beginning of the Porfiriato regime of Diaz. 1806-1872 10. Lazaro Cardenas * Cardenas was the president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940. He was a very revolutionary president. He arrested Calles and some of Calles associates for their persecution of the church that led to the Cristero War.He used the National Revolutionary ships companys six-year plan of social and political reform. His programs built schools and roads, promoted education, and included land reform. After his presidency Cardenas act to have power through puppet-like men that he controlled who became president.Key Events (7)1. Presidential Succession of 1910 * This was a b ook indite and published by Madero. Its purpose was to call for the current president, Diaz, to step down from power and allow superfluous elections. It ultimately helped Madero gain power during the revolution.2. Plan of Ayala * November 25, 1911 The plan of Ayala was created by Zapata and enacted on November 25, 1911. It was a plan that called for agrarian reform, the basis of Zapatas revolution and the reason why he is an important leader in the revolution. The plan sets Zapata, as a leader, apart from the others as it shows Zapatas ideals of social reform through agriculture rather than the fight for political power.3. Plan of Guadalupe * February 24, 1913 The plan of Guadalupe was established by Carranza in 1913. It focused around political power, calling for the transfer of power in Mexico and improving conditions for the poor.It came as a result of Huertas overthrow of Madero, with Carranza believing that Huertas rise to power was illegitimate. The plan rejected Huertas gov ernment and focused on a continuation of Maderos policies. It was recognized by leaders such as Villa, Zapata, and Obregon. It was one of the one-third most important documents within the Mexican revolution. The plan gathered Villa, Zapata, and Orozco to help Carranza in the overthrow of Huerta in July 1914. * Carranza calling for the overthrow of Huerta and restoration of the constitution of 1857 (limiting the churchs power)4.Tampico Affair * Led to storm of Veracruz * April 9, 1914 * A battle was winning place in Tampico when a U. S. ship landed there. The national authorities of Mexico arrested all the Americans to protect them from the fighting. The American general was outraged by their treatment and demanded an apology with a 21 gun salute. The federals refused to grant his demand of a 21 gun salute, further angering the Americans. The U. S. placed an embargo on armament shipment to the federal authorities of Mexico as a result of the affair. The Tampico affair ultimately leads to the storm of Vera Cruz.The U. S. invaded Vera Cruz instead of Tampico because U. S. businesses had oil refineries in Tampico and they did not want to disturb oil production, illustrating the expanse of U. S. industry in Mexico.5. Treaty of Ciudad Juarez * May 21, 1911 * The conformity of Ciudad Juarez stated that Diaz had to resign by the end of 1911, the interim president would be Francisco de la Barra, and that De la Barra is in charge of holding free elections. It is an important document as it ends Diazs reign and allows for the beginning of Maderos power.The treaty left all of Diazs political leaders and institutions in place, making it hard to rid the system of Diaz and his way of running Mexico. 6. Obregon offers amnesty to Villas army December 1915 * Obregon offered amnesty to all the Villistas, the soldiers in Villas army. The amnesty was only not offered to high-ranking officials and Villa himself. This event gave Villas soldiers a way out of the war after fightin g for five years. Villas army was severely reduced and he was forced to move back to the hills of Chihuahua.7. Convencion de Aguascarlientes of 1914 This was a constitutional convention that raised issues between the central leaders, bringing forth their differences once again. Obregon attends the come across while the other leaders are absent. It is here that the Plan of Ayala gets its first support, it is voted on to dismiss Carranza from office, and sparks a string of events surrounding Villa and Carranza. Villa then enters the US and makes an attack, in which the US retaliates by sending troops into America trying to capture Villa. Carranza at this point was being supported by the US and was defending the interests of the upper class citizens of Mexico.Key Dates (7)1.Resignation of Diaz * May 25, 1911 The resignation of Diaz ended an era of dictatorship and sparked the revolution as multiple leaders had conflicting ideas on what was best for Mexico and what were the best ways of achieving these goals. Diazs resignation led to Maderos supposal of power and ultimately the beginning of the Mexican revolution.2. Meeting of Zapata and Villa * December 4, 1911 Zapata and Villa met for the first time in the presidential palace on December 4, 1911. At this meeting the two leaders agreed that they did not want the presidency, the power over Mexico,3. Storm of Veracruz * April 21, 1914Within this incident there were over 200 Mexicans dead, 300 wounded and 19 American dead and 47 wounded. These numbers showed the United States superiority in numbers, technology, and strategy at the time. The United States stormed Veracruz in light of Tampico affair after not receiving a 21 gun salute after the arrests in Tampico. They stormed Veracruz because they did not want to invade Tampico because America had oil refineries in Tampico. It is also one of the main ports in which Huerta was receiving arms, if the US could control that port they could show dominance in support of Carranza and against Huerta.4.Madero wins presidential election * November 6, 1911 This is revolutionary as Madero has successfully overtaken Porfirio Diaz. Maderos reign was to be piddling as he made several mistakes as he assumed power. The biggest mistake that Madero made was not officially taking over for a couple of months, this allowed Diazs supporters and leaders to down talk Madero and undermine his authority to the citizens of Mexico.5. Murdering of Madero * February 22, 1913 * The U. S. ambassador stages a coup led by Diazs nephew, but the coup is not supported by the U. S. government. Madero puts Huerta in charge of stopping the coup. Huerta stops the attempted coup, but returns and makes Madero resign as he gains power. Madero believes Huerta will let him resign peacefully. However, Huerta kills Maderos brothers and then kills Madero. Madero becomes a revolutionary martyr and killing Madero alienates international opinion * Huerta gains power6. Carranza becomes presiden t * August 20, 1914 * Carranza led a rebellion against Huerta. Combined with Carranzas rebellion and the U. S. invasion of Sera Cruz, Huertas power was drained. Huerta resigned and Carranza became the president.7. Zapata is murdered * April 10, 1919 * By a group organized by Carranza . 1920 Obregon with the help of Zapatistas, Villistas, and other revolutionaries overthrow and kill Carranza.Obregon becomes president Quotations (2)1. A dog with a bone neither kills nor steals Porfirio Diaz2. It is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees-Emiliano Zapata * This quotation is an important one when dealing with the Revolution. It characterizes Zapata as one of the revolutionary leaders quite nicely. This is because Zapata was the leader that stood strong, and fought enthusiastically, for what he believed in he fought hard for agrarian reform in the South of Mexico.It is a good reflection of how he would rather stand up for what he believed in than to subject himself to somet hing thats not as worthy. Two Historians Michael C. Meyer- The Course of Mexican History * They neither were not moreover traditional organized armies nor were they simply peasant mobs. Meyer focuses on the uniqueness of the rebel armies and how the uniqueness of the armies led to internal migration and variety of languages, as well as giving more power to the people.Meyer says, since the base of power was shifting to new hands the future for the masses seemed auspicious and this hope stems into later generations. Frank Mclynn- Villa and Zapata A History of the Mexican Revolution * Mclynn claims that Capitalism took a stronger hold on Mexico because of the revolution. In this quotation Mclynn says there are tercet main strands of the revolution. First, the improvement of capitalism leading to a rise in industrial bourgeoisie. Second, the movement of peasants leading to demands for ancestral lands. Third, the alliance of persons from the North with different occupations led to in creased capitalism. Past Test Questions (10)To what extent did foreign intervention prolong the Mexican Revolution? 2003)Technology is a new type of imperialism. Discuss this program line with reference to the impact of technology upon at least one country in the Americas during the twentieth century. (2003)By the end of the 1920s the original objectives of the Mexican Revolution had been abandoned. To what extent do you agree with this judgment? (2005)Examine the major stages of the Mexican Revolution (1910-20) and explain the programmes of three of the most important leaders. (2006)Analyse the causes of the Great Depression in one country in the Americas. 2006)Compare and contrast the treatment of indigenous peoples in two countries of the region in the eighteenth century. (2005)Analyse the main features and impact of one cultural or one intellectual development in theAmericas in the period from 1850 to 1919. (2005)For what reasons, and with what results, did railroads develop in one country of the region between 1860 and 1929? Support your answers with examples. (2008)How did Malcolm X and the blackened Panthers affect the goals of the Civil Rights Movement?Outline Examine the major stages of the Mexican Revolution (1910-20) and explain the programmes of three of the most important leaders. (2006) The course of the Mexican Revolution from 1910-1920 is complicated amongst its many leaders and quite patronise shifts in power. With leaders fighting over power of the same country, they each individually had different ideals and tactics. The interval in goals for Mexico, and a lack of Mexican citizen involvement, ultimately determined the temporary leader of Mexico until another one was able to come to power throughout the war.The Mexican Revolution follows a transfer of power from major leaders as Diaz to Madero, Madero to Huerta, Huerta to Carranza, and finally Carranza to Obregon. Diaz to Madero * Presidential Succession of 1910 (importance) Madero to Huerta * Couldnt switch land issues and keep social order * Lacked army support * 1913 Coups- Huerta gains control of army and kills Madero Huerta to Carranza * US involvement * Tampico Affair and Vera Cruz * Embargo on arms shipments * US did not like HuertaThe programmes of the three most important leaders were Maderos Presidential Succession of 1910, Zapatas Plan of Ayala, and finally Carranzas Plan of Guadalupe. Each of these three plans reflected the leader and their primary ideas for Mexico. While Zapata stood by his Plan of Ayala throughout the entire revolution, the Presidential Succession of 1910 only provided a short amount of support for Madero, and the Plan of Guadalupe was successful for Carranza as it was focused on by more than just one leader, as well as it provided a common element in overthrowing Huerta.Presidential Succesion 1910 Madero * Book, well read in Mexico * Called for Diaz to step down and for free elections * Was the first major event in the Mexican Rev olution as it was the first widely supported anti-Diaz campaign. Plan of Ayala * Supported by citizens * Mainly in the South * Zapata- Agrarian reform * Appeals to the people * Stood by it throughout the war (Central idea for Zapata) Plan of Guadalupe Carranza February, 1913 * political power, calling for the transfer of power in Mexico. * result of Huertas overthrow of Madero. * rejected Huertas government and focused on a continuation of Maderos policies.It was recognized by leaders such as Villa, Zapata, and Obregon. * It was one of the three most important documents within the Mexican revolution. * The plan gathered Villa, Zapata, and Orozco to help Carranza in the overthrow of Huerta in July These three plans were major events during the course of the Mexican Revolution. They aided the leaders in their goals for Mexico during a time of controversy and power differences. As one leader lost power, another would quickly gain it. Sometimes working together, and sometimes against, t he leaders of the revolution followed a pattern of overthrowing , followed by the assumption of power.